Information about Mudskippers
| Mudskippers | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
) Periophthalmus modestus SUMA Aqualife Park (Japan) Periophthalmus modestus SUMA Aqualife Park (Japan) | ||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||
| Genera | ||||||||||||
|
Apocryptes Apocryptodon Boleophthalmus Oxuderces Parapocryptes Periophthalmodon Periophthalmus Pseudapocryptes Scartelaos Zappa (genus) | ||||||||||||
Compared with fully aquatic gobies, these fish present a range of peculiar behavioural and physiological adaptations to an amphibious lifestyle. These include:
- Anatomical and behavioural adaptations that allow them to move effectively on land as well as in the water.[3]
- The ability to breathe through their skin and the lining of their mouth (the mucosa) and throat (the pharynx). This is only possible when the mudskipper is wet, limiting mudskippers to humid habitats and requiring that they keep themselves moist. This mode of breathing, similar to that employed by amphibians, is known as cutaneous air breathing.[2] Another important adaptation that aids breathing on land is its gills. On land, they retain water in enlarged gill chambers. These act like a scuba diver's oxygen cylinders, and supply oxygen for respiration while on land.
- Digging of deep burrows in soft sediments that allow the fish to thermoregulate;[5] avoid marine predators during the high tide when the fish and burrow are submerged;[6] and for laying their eggs.[7]
)
Even when their burrow is submerged, mudskippers maintain an air pocket inside it, which allows them to breathe in conditions of very low oxygen concentration.[8][9][10]
The genus Periophthalmus is by far the most diverse and widespread genus of mudskipper. Seventeen species have been currently described.[11] Periophthalmus argentilineatus is one of the most widespread and well known mudskippers. This species can be found in mangrove ecosystems and mudflats of East Africa and Madagascar east through South East Asia to Northern Australia, Southeast China and Southern Japan, up to Samoa and Tonga Islands.[1] It grows to a length of about 6 in (15 cm) and is a carnivorous opportunist feeder. It feeds on small prey such as small crabs and other arthropods.[13] Another species, Periophthalmus barbarus, is the only oxudercine goby that inhabits the coastal areas of Western Africa (Murdy, 1989). Both these mudskippers are widely traded as aquarium fish.
References
1. ^ Murdy, E. O. (1989). "A Taxonomic Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Oxudercine Gobies (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)". Records of the Australian Museum Suppl. N°11: 1–93.
2. ^ (1997) in Graham, J. B. (ed.): Air–breathing Fishes. Evolution, Diversity and Adaptation. San Diego California: Academic Press.
3. ^ Harris, V.A. (1961). "On the locomotion of the mudskipper Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas): Gobiidae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 134: 107–135.
4. ^
5. ^ Tytler P. & Vaughan T. (1983). "Thermal Ecology of the Mudskippers Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) and Boleophthalmus boddaerti (Pallas), of Kuwait Bay". Journal of Fish Biology 23 (3): 327–337.
6. ^ Sasekumar, A.; Chong, V.C.; Lim, K.H. & Singh, H.R. (1994). "The Fish Community of Matang Mangrove Waters, Malaysia". Sudara, S.; Wilkinson, C.R.; Chou, L.M. (eds) Proceedings, Third ASEAN-Australia Symposium on Living Coastal Resources. Research papers: Vol. 2: 457-464, Bangkok, Thailand: Chulalonghorn University.
7. ^ Brillet, C. (1969). "Etude du comportement constructeur des poissons amphibies Periophthalmidae". Terre et la Vie 23 (4): 496–520.
8. ^ Ishimatsu A., Hishida Y., Takita T., Kanda T., Oikawa S., Takeda T. & Khoo K.H. (1998). "Mudskipper Store Air in Their Burrows". Nature 391: 237–238.
9. ^ Ishimatsu A., Takeda T., Kanda T., Oikawa S. & Khoo K.H. (2000). "Burrow environment of mudskippers in Malaysia". Journal of Bioscience 11 (1,2): 17–28.
10. ^ Lee H.J., Martinez C.A., Hertzberg K.J., Hamilton A.L. & Graham J.B. (2005). "Burrow air phase maintenance and respiration by the mudskipper Scartelaos histophorus (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)". The Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 169–177.
11. ^ Larson H.K. & Takita T. (2005). "Two new species of Periophthalmus (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) from northern Australia, and a re-diagnosis of Periophthalmus novaeguineaensis". The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 20: 175–185.
12. ^
13. ^ Milward, N. E. (1974). Studies on the taxonomy, ecology and physiology of Queensland mudskippers, unpubl. Ph D. dissertation, Univ. Of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
2. ^ (1997) in Graham, J. B. (ed.): Air–breathing Fishes. Evolution, Diversity and Adaptation. San Diego California: Academic Press.
3. ^ Harris, V.A. (1961). "On the locomotion of the mudskipper Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas): Gobiidae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 134: 107–135.
4. ^
5. ^ Tytler P. & Vaughan T. (1983). "Thermal Ecology of the Mudskippers Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) and Boleophthalmus boddaerti (Pallas), of Kuwait Bay". Journal of Fish Biology 23 (3): 327–337.
6. ^ Sasekumar, A.; Chong, V.C.; Lim, K.H. & Singh, H.R. (1994). "The Fish Community of Matang Mangrove Waters, Malaysia". Sudara, S.; Wilkinson, C.R.; Chou, L.M. (eds) Proceedings, Third ASEAN-Australia Symposium on Living Coastal Resources. Research papers: Vol. 2: 457-464, Bangkok, Thailand: Chulalonghorn University.
7. ^ Brillet, C. (1969). "Etude du comportement constructeur des poissons amphibies Periophthalmidae". Terre et la Vie 23 (4): 496–520.
8. ^ Ishimatsu A., Hishida Y., Takita T., Kanda T., Oikawa S., Takeda T. & Khoo K.H. (1998). "Mudskipper Store Air in Their Burrows". Nature 391: 237–238.
9. ^ Ishimatsu A., Takeda T., Kanda T., Oikawa S. & Khoo K.H. (2000). "Burrow environment of mudskippers in Malaysia". Journal of Bioscience 11 (1,2): 17–28.
10. ^ Lee H.J., Martinez C.A., Hertzberg K.J., Hamilton A.L. & Graham J.B. (2005). "Burrow air phase maintenance and respiration by the mudskipper Scartelaos histophorus (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)". The Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 169–177.
11. ^ Larson H.K. & Takita T. (2005). "Two new species of Periophthalmus (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) from northern Australia, and a re-diagnosis of Periophthalmus novaeguineaensis". The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 20: 175–185.
12. ^
13. ^ Milward, N. E. (1974). Studies on the taxonomy, ecology and physiology of Queensland mudskippers, unpubl. Ph D. dissertation, Univ. Of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
See also
External links
- Encyclopaedia of Goby (mostly Japanese)
- MudskipperWorld (Japanese)
- FishBase entry on Gobiidae
- Gobioid Research Institute
- Mudskipper & Goby Page for aquarists
- Themudskipper.org: a website on mudskippers
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Chordata
Bateson, 1885
Typical Classes
See below
Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Bateson, 1885
Typical Classes
See below
Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Actinopterygii
Klein, 1885
Subclasses
Chondrostei
Neopterygii
See text for orders.
The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes.
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Klein, 1885
Subclasses
Chondrostei
Neopterygii
See text for orders.
The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes.
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Perciformes
Families
many, see text
The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. The name Perciformes means perch-like.
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Families
many, see text
The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. The name Perciformes means perch-like.
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Gobiidae
Subfamilies
Amblyopinae
Gobiinae
Gobionellinae
Oxudercinae
Sicydiinae
See also list of Gobiidae genera
The gobies form the family Gobiidae
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Subfamilies
Amblyopinae
Gobiinae
Gobionellinae
Oxudercinae
Sicydiinae
See also list of Gobiidae genera
The gobies form the family Gobiidae
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Mudskippers are members of the subfamily Oxudercinae (tribe: Periophthalmini[1]), within the family Gobiidae (Gobies). While most marine fish that live in intertidal habitats survive the retreat of the tide by hiding under wet seaweed or by
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Mudskippers are members of the subfamily Oxudercinae (tribe: Periophthalmini[1]), within the family Gobiidae (Gobies). While most marine fish that live in intertidal habitats survive the retreat of the tide by hiding under wet seaweed or by
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In biology, a tribe—or infrafamily—is a rank between subfamily and genus, or between subfamily and subtribe, if that rank is used.
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family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Gobiidae
Subfamilies
Amblyopinae
Gobiinae
Gobionellinae
Oxudercinae
Sicydiinae
See also list of Gobiidae genera
The gobies form the family Gobiidae
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Subfamilies
Amblyopinae
Gobiinae
Gobionellinae
Oxudercinae
Sicydiinae
See also list of Gobiidae genera
The gobies form the family Gobiidae
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Gobiidae
Subfamilies
Amblyopinae
Gobiinae
Gobionellinae
Oxudercinae
Sicydiinae
See also list of Gobiidae genera
The gobies form the family Gobiidae
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Subfamilies
Amblyopinae
Gobiinae
Gobionellinae
Oxudercinae
Sicydiinae
See also list of Gobiidae genera
The gobies form the family Gobiidae
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intertidal zone, also known as the littoral zone, in marine aquatic environments is the area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks.
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Habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits") is the area where a particular species lives. It is essentially the natural environment in which an organism lives—at least the physical environment—that surrounds (influences and is utilized by) a species population.
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Seaweeds are any of a large number of marine benthic algae. They are macroscopic and multicellular, in contrast with most other algae. [1] Seaweeds areoften found in the seashore biome.
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Tide pools (also tidal pools or rock pools) are rocky pools by oceans that are filled with seawater. Tide pools can either be small and shallow or large and deep. The small ones are usually found far back on the shore and the large ones are found nearer to the ocean.
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tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere, at approximately 23°30' (23.5°) N latitude, and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere at 23°30' (23.5°) S latitude.
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The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone, which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, at latitude 23.5 ° north and south.
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In ethology, sociobiology and behavioral ecology, the term territory refers to any sciographical area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against conspecifics (and, occasionally, animals of other species).
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An adaptation is a positive characteristic of an organism that has been favored by natural selection.[1] The concept is central to biology, particularly in evolutionary biology.
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Anatomy (from the Greek ἀνατομία anatomia, from ἀνατέμνειν
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Ethology (from Greek: ήθος, ethos, "custom"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is the scientific study of animal behavior, and a branch of zoology.
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The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs.
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The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea.
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Amphibia
Linnaeus, 1758
Subclasses and Orders
Order Temnospondyli - extinct
Subclass Lepospondyli - extinct
Subclass Lissamphibia
Order Anura
Order Caudata
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Linnaeus, 1758
Subclasses and Orders
Order Temnospondyli - extinct
Subclass Lepospondyli - extinct
Subclass Lissamphibia
Order Anura
Order Caudata
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Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when temperature surrounding is very different. This process is one aspect of homeostasis: a dynamic state of stability between an animal's internal environment and its
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Tides are the cyclic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun acting on the oceans. More generally, tidal phenomena can occur in any object that is subjected to a gravitational field that varies in time and space, such as the
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genus (plural: genera) is part of the Latinized name for an organism. It is a name which reflects the classification of the organism by grouping it with other closely similar organisms.
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Mangroves (generally) are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. The word is used in at least three senses, (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal [1]
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Mudflats are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by the tides or rivers, sea and oceans. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries.
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