Information about Mind Body Problem
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René Descartes' illustration of mind/body dualism. Inputs are passed on by the sensory organs to the epiphysis in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit.
The mind-body dichotomy is the view that "mental" phenomena are, in some respects, "non-physical" (distinct from the body). The mind-body dichotomy is the starting point of Dualism, and became conceptualized in the form is currently known in the Western world in René Descartes's philosophy, but also appeared in pre-Aristotelian concepts.<ref name="Young" />
This view of reality leads to consider the corporeal as little valued[1] and trivial. The rejection of the mind-body dichotomy is found in French Structuralism, and is a position that generally characterized post-war French philosophy.[2] The absence of an empirically identifiable meeting point between the non-physical mind and its physical extension has proven problematic to dualism and many modern philosophers of mind maintain that the mind is not something separate from the body.[3] These approaches have been particularly influential in the sciences, particularly in the fields of sociobiology, computer science, evolutionary psychology and the various neurosciences.[4][5][6][7]
Plato's Idea
Plato argued that as the body is from the material world the soul was from the world of the ideas and was, so, immortal. He believed the soul was temporarily united with the body and would only be separated at death where it would then go back to the world of the forms. As the body exists in time and space and the soul does not, it can therefore access universal truths from the world of ideas.- Dualism - the mind is separate from the body.
- Materialism - the mind is an extension of the body (eg. chemical reactions).
- Idealism - reality is in the mind.
Notes and citations
1. ^ The mind-body problem by Robert M. Young
2. ^ Turner 96, p.76
3. ^ Kim, J. (1995). in Honderich, Ted: Problems in the Philosophy of Mind. Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. ^ Pinel, J. Psychobiology, (1990) Prentice Hall, Inc. ISBN 8815071741
5. ^ LeDoux, J. (2002) The Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are, New York:Viking Penguin. ISBN 8870787958
6. ^ Russell, S. and Norvig, P. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, New Jersey:Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131038052
7. ^ Dawkins, R. The Selfish Gene (1976) Oxford:Oxford University Press. ISBN
2. ^ Turner 96, p.76
3. ^ Kim, J. (1995). in Honderich, Ted: Problems in the Philosophy of Mind. Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. ^ Pinel, J. Psychobiology, (1990) Prentice Hall, Inc. ISBN 8815071741
5. ^ LeDoux, J. (2002) The Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are, New York:Viking Penguin. ISBN 8870787958
6. ^ Russell, S. and Norvig, P. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, New Jersey:Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131038052
7. ^ Dawkins, R. The Selfish Gene (1976) Oxford:Oxford University Press. ISBN
Bibliography
- Turner, Bryan S. Body and Society: Exploration in social theory 1996
See also
- philosophy of mind
- Sacred-profane dichotomy
- Chinese room
- Descartes' Error
- John Searle
- Mikhail Bakhtin
- Philosophy of artificial intelligence
- Dualism (philosophy of mind)
- Bodymind
- The Mind's I, A book on the subject.
- Strange loop, A conceptuyal framework of thoughts about the self.
External links
- The mind-body problem by Robert M. Young
Traditionally Dichotomy is any splitting of a whole into exactly two non-overlapping parts. This covers the symmetric form of dichotomy - but there is also the asymmetric form covered in bifurcation where one element has emerged from the other.
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matter is commonly defined as the substance of which physical objects are composed, not counting the contribution of various energy or force-fields, which are not usually considered to be matter per se (though they may contribute to the mass of objects).
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body is the integral physical material of an individual. "Body" often is used in connection with appearance, health issues and death. The study of the workings of the body is physiology.
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dualism is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical.[1]
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Structuralism as a term refers to various theories across the humanities, social sciences and economics many of which share the assumption that structural relationships between concepts vary between different cultures/languages and that these relationships can be usefully exposed
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For the book by E. O. Wilson, see .
Sociobiology is a synthesis of scientific disciplines that attempts to explain social behavior in all species by considering the evolutionary advantages the behaviors may have.
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Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
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Evolutionary psychology (abbreviated EP) is a theoretical approach to psychology that attempts to explain mental and psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or language—as adaptations, i.e., as the functional products of natural selection.
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Neuroscience is a field that is devoted to the scientific study of the nervous system. Such studies may include the structure, function, evolutionary history, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system.
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dualism is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical.[1]
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materialism is that form of physicalism which holds that the only thing that can truly be said to exist is matter; that fundamentally, all things are composed of material and all phenomena are the result of material interactions; that matter is the only substance.
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- This article is about the philosophical notion of idealism. Idealism is also a term in international relations theory and in Christian eschatology.
For the Digitalism album, see .
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Philosophy of mind is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and their relationship to the physical body. The mind-body problem, i.e.
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The dichotomy between the sacred and the profane has been identified by French sociologist Emile Durkheim as the central characteristic of religion: "religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things
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The Chinese Room argument is a thought experiment and associated arguments designed by John Searle (1980 [1] ) as a counterargument to claims made by supporters of what Searle called strong artificial intelligence (see also functionalism).
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Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain is a book by neurologist Antonio R. Damasio, in which the author presents the argument that emotion and reason are not separate but, in fact, are quite dependent upon one another.
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John Rogers Searle (born July 31 1932 in Denver, Colorado) is the Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley. He is widely noted for contributions to the philosophy of language and the philosophy of mind, and also for his account of social reality.
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Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (Russian: Михаил Михайлович Бахти́н pronounced:
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- See also:
The philosophy of artificial intelligence concerns such questions as:
- What is intelligence? How can one recognize its presence and applications?
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dualism is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical.[1]
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Bodymind is a compound conjunction of body and mind and may be used differently in different traditions and scientific disciplines. The conceptual separation of body and mind may be charted to Cartesian dualism. These different understandings often inform each other.
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The Mind's I: Fantasies and reflections on self and soul (ISBN 0-553-34584-2) is a 1981 book composed and arranged by Douglas R. Hofstadter and Daniel C. Dennett. It is a collection of essays and creations about the nature of the mind and the self, tied together with
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strange loop arises when, by moving up or down through a hierarchical system, one finds oneself back where one started. Strange loops may involve self-reference and paradox.
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