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Information about Mentalis

Mentalis
Muscles of the head, face, and neck.
Latinmusculus mentalis
subject #108 383
Origin:anterior mandible
Insertion:chin
Artery:
Nerve:mandibular branch of facial nerve
Action:elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
Dorlands/Elsevier m_22/12549795
The Mentalis is situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure.

Pathology

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article. ()
A movement disorder of the mentalis muscle is Geniospasm which a benign but socially excluding genetic disorder linked to chromosome 9q13-q21[1] where there are episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip. The movements consist of rapid fluttering or trembling at about 8Hz superimposed onto a once per three seconds movement of higher amplitude and occur symmetrically in the V shaped muscle. The tongue and buccal floor muscles may also be affected but to a much lesser degree.

The movements are always present but extreme episodes may be precipitated by stress, concentration or emotion and commence in early childhood. In some subjects social withdrawal and other compensatory behaviors occur.

The condition is extremely rare and in a study in 1999 only 23 families in the world were known to be affected, although due to embarrassment in afflicted individuals it may be under-reported. Inheritance is aggressively autosomal dominant. In at least two studies the condition appeared spontaneously in the families.

The condition responds very well to regular botulinus toxin injections into the mentalis muscle[2] which paralyse the muscle but cause no impairment of facial expression or speech.

Additional images


Mandible. Outer surface. Side view.


References

1. ^ Jarman PR, Wood NW, Davis MT, et al (1997). "Hereditary geniospasm: linkage to chromosome 9q13-q21 and evidence for genetic heterogeneity". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61 (4): 928–33. PMID 9382105. 
2. ^ Gonzalez-Alegre P, Kelkar P, Rodnitzky RL (2006). "Isolated high-frequency jaw tremor relieved by botulinum toxin injections". Mov. Disord. 21 (7): 1049–50. DOI:10.1002/mds.20878. PMID 16602105. 

External links

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Muscles of head and neck: the head
scalp/eyelidoccipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) - orbicularis oculi - corrugator supercilii - depressor supercilii
extraocularlevator palpebrae superioris - superior tarsal - rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) - oblique (superior, inferior) - intraocular: ciliary - iris dilator - iris sphincter
earauriculares - temporoparietalis - stapedius - tensor tympani
noseprocerus - nasalis (dilatator naris) - depressor septi nasi - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
mouthlevator anguli oris/depressor anguli oris - levator labii superioris/depressor labii inferioris - zygomaticus (major, minor) - mentalis - buccinator - orbicularis oris - risorius
masticationmasseter - temporalis - pterygoid (lateral, medial)
tongueextrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus, chondroglossus, styloglossus) - intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transversus, verticalis)
soft palatelevator veli palatini - tensor veli palatini - musculus uvulae - palatoglossus - palatopharyngeus
pharynxpharyngeal constrictor (inferior, middle, superior) - stylopharyngeus - salpingopharyngeus
larynxcricothyroid - cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) - arytenoid - thyroarytenoid
Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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Anterior can refer to:
  • Anterior and posterior, both Anatomical terms of location
  • Anterior (band), A Welsh Metal band

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mandible (from Latin mandibūla, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face . It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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As an acronym, CHIN may refer to:
  • Canadian Heritage Information Network, a government agency in Canada which promotes Canadian culture and heritage on the Internet

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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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  • Accessory nerve
  • Accessory obturator nerve
  • Alderman's nerve
  • Anococcygeal nerve
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • Anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • Aortic plexus
  • Auerbach's plexus
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Axillary nerve

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The Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve passes forward beneath the Platysma and Triangularis, supplying the muscles of the lower lip and chin, and communicating with the mental branch of the inferior alveolar nerve.
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The facial nerve is the seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves. It emerges from the brainstem between the pons and the medulla, and controls the muscles of facial expression, and taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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Kinesiology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans. [1] The word kinesiology is derived the Greek "kinesis" (motion) + the suffix -ology or -logy from the greek "logos" or "logia"(meaning a field of study).
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As an acronym, CHIN may refer to:
  • Canadian Heritage Information Network, a government agency in Canada which promotes Canadian culture and heritage on the Internet

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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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As an acronym, CHIN may refer to:
  • Canadian Heritage Information Network, a government agency in Canada which promotes Canadian culture and heritage on the Internet

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List of Movement disorders
  • Akinesia (lack of movement)
  • Athetosis (contorted torsion or twisting)
  • Ataxia
  • Ballismus (violent involuntary rapid and irregular movements)
  • Hemiballismus (

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digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier given to a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique identifying number that can be used by anyone to locate details of the paper, and
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Loyola University Chicago is a private co-educational religious-affiliated university established in Chicago in 1870 as Saint Ignatius College. It was founded by the Roman Catholic religious order of the Society of Jesus and bears the name of the Jesuit patron, Saint Ignatius of
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GPnotebook is a British medical database for general practitioners (GPs).[1] It is an online encyclopaedia of medicine that provides an immediate reference resource for clinicians worldwide. The database consists of over 30,000 pages of information.
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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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Head and neck anatomy focuses on the structures of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat.
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head of an animal is the rostral part (from anatomical position) that usually comprises the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth (all of which aid in various sensory functions, such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste).
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''For other uses of the word, see Scalp (disambiguation)
The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the face anteriorly and the neck to the sides and posteriorly.
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An eyelid is a thin fold of skin and muscle that covers and protects an eye. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to "open" the eye.
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The Occipitofrontalis is a muscle of the human body, with two parts:
  • the "occipital" part/belly, near the occipital bone.
  • the "frontal" part/belly, near the frontal bone.

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The Occipitalis, thin and quadrilateral in form, arises by tendinous fibers from the lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, and from the mastoid part of the temporal. It ends in the galea aponeurotica.
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The Frontalis is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color.

It has no bony attachments.
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The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial
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The Corrugator supercilii is a small, narrow, pyramidal muscle, placed at the medial end of the eyebrow, beneath the Frontalis and Orbicularis oculi.

It arises from the medial end of the superciliary arch; and its fibers pass upward and lateralward, between the palpebral
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The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle [1].
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