Information about Meninges
membranes which envelop the central nervous system. The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges and of the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the central nervous system.
The arachnoid and pia mater are sometimes together called the leptomeninges.
Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull in the head, or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord. The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. When the dura mater and the arachnoid separate through injury or illness, the space between them is the subdural space.
Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm, which connect arterioles and venules, and are
..... Click the link for more information.
)
Anatomy
Pia mater
The pia or pia mater is a very delicate membrane. It is attached to (nearest) the brain or the spinal cord. As such it follows all the minor contours of the brain (gyri and sulci). The pia mater is the meningeal envelope which firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord. It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid. The pia mater is pierced by blood vessels which travel to the brain and spinal cord, and its capillaries are responsible for nourishing the brain.Arachnoid mater
The middle element of the meninges is the arachnoid mater, so named because of its spider web-like appearance. It provides a cushioning effect for the central nervous system. The arachnoid mater exists as a thin, transparent membrane. It is composed of fibrous tissue and, like the pia mater, is covered by flat cells also thought to be impermeable to fluid. The arachnoid does not follow the convolutions of the surface of the brain and so looks like a loosely fitting sac. In the region of the brain, particularly, a large number of fine filaments called arachnoid trabeculae pass from the arachnoid through the subarachnoid space to blend with the tissue of the pia mater.The arachnoid and pia mater are sometimes together called the leptomeninges.
Dura mater
The dura mater (also rarely called meninx fibrosa, or pachymeninx) is a thick, durable membrane, closest to the skull. It contains larger blood vessels which split into the capilliaries in the pia mater. It is composed of dense fibrous tissue, and its inner surface is covered by flattened cells like those present on the surfaces of the pia mater and arachnoid. The dura mater is a sac which envelops the arachnoid and has been modified to serve several functions. The dura mater surrounds and supports the large venous channels (dural sinuses) carrying blood from the brain toward the heart.Spaces
The subarachnoid space is the space which normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.Normally, the dura mater is attached to the skull in the head, or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord. The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, and the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. When the dura mater and the arachnoid separate through injury or illness, the space between them is the subdural space.
Pathology
There are three types of hemorrhage involving the meninges:[1]- A subarachnoid hemorrhage is acute bleeding under the arachnoid; it may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma.
- A subdural hematoma is a hematoma (collection of blood) located in a separation of the arachnoid from the dura mater. The small veins which connect the dura mater and the arachnoid are torn, usually during an accident, and blood can leak into this area.
- An epidural hematoma similarly may arise after an accident or spontaneously.
Additional images
Diagrammatic representation of a section across the top of the skull | ) Diagrammatic section of scalp. | ) |
References
1. ^ Orlando Regional Healthcare, Education and Development. 2004. "Overview of Adult Traumatic Brain Injuries." Retrieved on September 6, 2007.
Anatomy: meninges of the brain and medulla spinalis | |
|---|---|
| Layers | Dura mater (Falx cerebri, Tentorium cerebelli, Falx cerebelli) • Arachnoid mater (Arachnoid granulation) • Subarachnoid space • Pia mater |
| Cisterns | Cisterna magna • Pontine cistern • Interpeduncular cistern • Chiasmatic • Lateral cerebral fossa • Great cerebral vein |
| Other | Cerebrospinal fluid |
Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
..... Click the link for more information.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
..... Click the link for more information.
The middle meningeal artery (Latin arteria meningea media) is typically the first branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the maxillary artery; one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Meningeal Branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery are several small vessels, which supply the dura mater.
One, the posterior meningeal, passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen.
..... Click the link for more information.
One, the posterior meningeal, passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen.
..... Click the link for more information.
The accessory meningeal artery (also accessory branch of middle meningeal artery, pterygomeningeal artery, small meningeal or parvidural branch) is a branch of the maxillary artery, sometimes derived from the middle meningeal artery.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The anterior ethmoidal artery, also anterior ethmoid artery is an artery of the head.
..... Click the link for more information.
Course
It accompanies the nasociliary nerve through the anterior ethmoidal canal, supplies the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells and frontal sinus, and enters the cranium..... Click the link for more information.
The meningeal branches of vertebral artery (posterior meningeal branch) springs from the vertebral opposite the foramen magnum, ramifies between the bone and dura mater in the cerebellar fossa, and supplies the falx cerebelli.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projection of a neuron). Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically imprecise since many neurons do not form nerves, and nerves also include the glial cells that
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The middle meningeal nerve (meningeal or dural branch) is given off from the maxillary nerve directly after its origin from the semilunar ganglion
It accompanies the middle meningeal artery and supplies the dura mater.
..... Click the link for more information.
It accompanies the middle meningeal artery and supplies the dura mater.
..... Click the link for more information.
The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (recurrent branch, nervus spinosus) is a branch of the mandibular nerve that supplies e.g. the dura mater.
..... Click the link for more information.
Course
It enters the skull through the foramen spinosum with the middle meningeal artery...... Click the link for more information.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The central nervous system (CNS) represents the largest part of the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The dura mater (from the Latin "hard mother"), or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. (The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The pia mater (Latin: "tender mother", itself a translation from Arabic) is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges - the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The central nervous system (CNS) represents the largest part of the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The pia mater (Latin: "tender mother", itself a translation from Arabic) is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges - the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
spinal chord is a thin, tubular bundle of nerves that is an extension of the central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected by the bony vertebral column.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
gyrus (pl. gyri) is a ridge on the cerebral cortex. It is generally surrounded by one or more sulci.
..... Click the link for more information.
Notable gyri
- Fornicate gyrus
- Superior frontal gyrus
- Middle frontal gyrus
- Inferior frontal gyrus
- Superior temporal gyrus
..... Click the link for more information.
A sulcus (pronounced with a hard c) (pl. sulci) is a depression or fissure in the surface of an organ, especially the brain.
..... Click the link for more information.
Examples of sulci
In the brain
See Sulcus (neuroanatomy)Elsewhere
- sulcus arteriæ vertebralis
..... Click the link for more information.
capillary is used to describe any very narrow tube or channel through which a fluid can pass. See capillary action for details.
Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm, which connect arterioles and venules, and are
..... Click the link for more information.
The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
spider web, spiderweb, spider's web or cobweb (from the obsolete word "coppe", meaning "spider" [1]) is a device built by a spider out of proteinaceous spider silk extruded from its spinnerets.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The central nervous system (CNS) represents the largest part of the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The pia mater (Latin: "tender mother", itself a translation from Arabic) is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges - the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
