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Information about Medial Pterygoid Muscle

medial pterygoid
The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed. (Internus is visible at center bottom.)
The otic ganglion and its branches. (Pterygoideus internus labeled at bottom right.)
Latinmusculus pterygoideus medialis, musculus pterygoideus internus
subject #109 387
Origin:deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth
superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity
Insertion:medial angle of the mandible
Artery:pterygoid branches of maxillary artery
Nerve:mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid
Action:elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side
MeSH Pterygoid+Muscles
Dorlands/Elsevier m_22/12550302
The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication.

The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle.

Origin and insertion

It consists of two heads. Its fibers pass downward, lateral, and posterior, and are inserted, by a strong tendinous lamina, into the lower and back part of the medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible, as high as the mandibular foramen. The insertion joins the masseter muscle to form a common tendinous sling which allows the medial pterygoid and masseter to be powerful elevators of the jaw.

As stated by one Dr. Anderson of UDMSD, the medial pterygoid goes from the canoe to the rough water. (The canoe is the depression created by the medial and lateral plates of pterygoid process, and rough water is the rough attachment surface on the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible.)

Innervation

Like the lateral pterygoid, the medial pterygoid is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3).

Actions

It closes the jaw and help in mastication along with lateral pterygoid in side to side movement of jaw and protrusion. It elevates the jaw, and in some aspect pulls it forward.

Additional images


Left palatine bone. Posterior aspect. Enlarged.

Mandible. Inner surface. Side view.

Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery.

Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.

Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from the middle line.

Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves.


External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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Muscles of head and neck: the head
scalp/eyelidoccipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) - orbicularis oculi - corrugator supercilii - depressor supercilii
extraocularlevator palpebrae superioris - superior tarsal - rectus (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) - oblique (superior, inferior) - intraocular: ciliary - iris dilator - iris sphincter
earauriculares - temporoparietalis - stapedius - tensor tympani
noseprocerus - nasalis (dilatator naris) - depressor septi nasi - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
mouthlevator anguli oris/depressor anguli oris - levator labii superioris/depressor labii inferioris - zygomaticus (major, minor) - mentalis - buccinator - orbicularis oris - risorius
masticationmasseter - temporalis - pterygoid (lateral, medial)
tongueextrinsic (genioglossus, hyoglossus, chondroglossus, styloglossus) - intrinsic (superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transversus, verticalis)
soft palatelevator veli palatini - tensor veli palatini - musculus uvulae - palatoglossus - palatopharyngeus
pharynxpharyngeal constrictor (inferior, middle, superior) - stylopharyngeus - salpingopharyngeus
larynxcricothyroid - cricoarytenoid (posterior, lateral) - arytenoid - thyroarytenoid




Also it elevates mandible.
The zygomatic arch is formed by the zygomatic process of temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture; the tendon of
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Ramus can refer to:
  • Petrus Ramus
  • A portion of a bone (from Latin ramus, "branch"), as in the Ramus mandibulæ or Superior pubic ramus
  • A nerve ramus such as the Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

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mandible (from Latin mandibūla, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face . It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.
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Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted; its lateral surface forms part of the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa, and gives attachment to the Pterygoideus externus; its medial surface forms part
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The pyramidal process of the palatine bone projects backward and lateralward from the junction of the horizontal and vertical parts, and is received into the angular interval between the lower extremities of the pterygoid plates.
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At the lower part of the infratemporal surface of the maxilla is a rounded eminence, the maxillary tuberosity, especially prominent after the growth of the wisdom tooth; it is rough on its lateral side for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone and in some
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
..... Click the link for more information.
angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus internus medially; the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the angle between these muscles.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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The pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery, irregular in their number and origin, supply the lateral pterygoid muscle and medial pterygoid muscle.

External links

  • Overview at tufts.

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  • Accessory nerve
  • Accessory obturator nerve
  • Alderman's nerve
  • Anococcygeal nerve
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • Anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • Aortic plexus
  • Auerbach's plexus
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Axillary nerve

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The mandibular nerve (V3) is the largest of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Structure

Roots

It is made up of two roots:
  • a large sensory root proceeding from the inferior angle of the trigeminal ganglion.

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The medial pterygoid nerve (or internal pterygoid nerve) is a branch off the mandibular nerve that innervates the medial pterygoid muscle, tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani.
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Kinesiology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans. [1] The word kinesiology is derived the Greek "kinesis" (motion) + the suffix -ology or -logy from the greek "logos" or "logia"(meaning a field of study).
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Elevation, in kinesiology is the anatomical term of motion for movement in a superior direction.

It is the opposite of depression.

Muscles

  • elevation of the scapula at the shoulders (e.g.

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jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming, or near the entrance to, the mouth.

The term jaws is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serving to open and close it.
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The lateral pterygoid (or external pterygoid) is a muscle of mastication with two heads.

Origin and insertion

The upper/superior head originates on the infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and the lower/inferior
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is mashed and crushed by teeth. It is the first step of digestion and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes.
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The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, also called the fifth nerve or simply V) is responsible for sensation in the face. It is similar to the spinal nerves C2–S5, which are responsible for sensation in the rest of the body.
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The lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (or lateral lamina of pterygoid process) is broad, thin, and everted; its lateral surface forms part of the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa, and gives attachment to the Pterygoideus externus; its medial surface forms part
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The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible, which is also a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis.
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The palatine bone is a bone in the palate (Latin palatum; unrelated to palatium 'palace', from which other senses of palatine derive).

Anatomy

It is situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the
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Ramus can refer to:
  • Petrus Ramus
  • A portion of a bone (from Latin ramus, "branch"), as in the Ramus mandibulæ or Superior pubic ramus
  • A nerve ramus such as the Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

..... Click the link for more information.
mandible (from Latin mandibūla, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face . It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Mandibular foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus (posterior and perpendicularly oriented part of the mandible) for divisions of the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass.
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In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication.

It is particularly powerful in herbivores to assist when they are chewing plants.

Origin and insertion of the two heads


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