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Information about Medial Dorsal Nucleus

Brain:
Thalamic nuclei:
MNG = Midline nuclear group
AN = Anterior nuclear group
MD = Medial dorsal nucleus
VNG = Ventral nuclear group
VA = Ventral anterior nucleus
VL = Ventral lateral nucleus
VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus
VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus
LNG = Lateral nuclear group
PUL = Pulvinar
MTh = Metathalamus
LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus
MG = Medial geniculate nucleus
Latinnucleus mediodorsalis thalami
NeuroNameshier-295
MeSH mediodorsal+thalamic+nucleus
Dorlands/Elsevier n_11/12581843
The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus) is a a large nucleus in the thalamus.

It communicates with the limbic lobe and prefrontal cortex. The connections of the medial dorsal nucleus have even been used to delineate the prefrontal cortex of the minipig.[1]

By stereology the number of brain cells in the region has been estimated to around 6.43 million neurons in the adult human brain and 36.3 million glial cells, and with the newborn having quite different numbers: around 11.2 million neurons and 10.6 million glial cells.[2]

Additional images


Thalamus

Thalamus


External links

  • Yamamoto T, Yoshida K, Yoshikawa H, Kishimoto Y, Oka H (1992). "The medial dorsal nucleus is one of the thalamic relays of the cerebellocerebral responses to the frontal association cortex in the monkey: horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent dye double staining study". Brain Res 579 (2): 315-20. PMID 1378349. 
1. ^ Jacob Jelsing, Anders Hay-Schmidt, Tim Dyrby, Ralf Hemmingsen, Harry B. M. Uylings, Bente Pakkenberg (2006). "The prefrontal cortex in the Göttingen minipig brain defined by neural projection criteria and cytoarchitecture". Brain Research Bulletin 70 (4–6): 322–336. DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.06.009. 
2. ^ Maja Abitz, Rune Damgaard Nielsen, Edward G. Jones, Henning Laursen, Niels Graem and Bente Pakkenberg (2007). "Excess of Neurons in the Human Newborn Mediodorsal Thalamus Compared with That of the Adult". Cerebral Cortex 17 (11): 2573–2578. DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhl163. 
 •  • [ e]
Brain: diencephalon
EpithalamusPineal body • Habenula (Habenular nuclei)
Hypothalamus
SubthalamusSubthalamic nucleus • Zona incerta • Thalamic fasciculus • Lenticular fasciculus
Thalamus/nucleiVentral nuclear group (VA/VL, VP/VPM/VPL) • MD • AN • LNG (Pulvinar) • Intralaminar nucleus (Centromedian nucleus) • Midline nuclear group • Thalamic reticular nucleus • Metathalamus (MG, LG) • Interthalamic adhesion
Third ventriclerecesses: (Optic recess, Infundibular recess, Suprapineal recess, Pineal recess) • Hypothalamic sulcus
OtherInterventricular foramina • Optic chiasm • Subfornical organ • Mammillothalamic tract
The midline nuclear group (or midline thalamic nuclei) a region of the thalamus consisting of the following nuclei:
  • paraventricular nucleus of thalamus (nucleus paraventricularis thalami) - not to be confused with paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus

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The anterior nuclei of thalamus (or anterior nuclear group) are collection of nuclei at the rostral end of the dorsal thalamus.

Inputs and outputs

They receive efferents from the mammillary bodies and subiculum, and project to the cingulate gyrus.
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The ventral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the ventral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following:
  • ventral anterior nucleus
  • ventral lateral nucleus
  • ventral posterior nucleus

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The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus.

Inputs and outputs

receives neuronal inputs from the basal ganglia which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. It also has inputs from the cerebellum.
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The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus.

Inputs and outputs

It receives neuronal inputs from the basal ganglia which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus. It also has inputs from the cerebellum.
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The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus.

Input and output

It projects to the postcentral gyrus and receives information from the spinothalamic tract and the medial lemniscus of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway.
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The ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) is a nucleus of the thalamus.

Inputs and outputs

It projects to the postcentral gyrus and receives the solitary tract and trigeminal nerve information from the medial lemniscus.
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The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following:
  • lateral dorsal nucleus
  • lateral posterior nucleus
  • pulvinar


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The pulvinar is the caudal-most nucleus of the thalamus. The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei.

Divisions

It is conventionally divided into oral, inferior, lateral, and medial subnuclei.
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The metathalamus is a composite structure of the thalamus, consisting of the medial geniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus.

External links

  • Symbolic relationships


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The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus is a part of the brain, which is the primary processor of visual information, received from the retina, in the central nervous system.
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Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque brain.

It is maintained by the University of Washington and is a part of a tool called "BrainInfo". BrainInfo helps one identify structures in the brain.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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In neuroanatomy, a nucleus is a central nervous system structure that is composed mainly of gray matter, and that acts as a hub or transit point for electrical signals in a single neural subsystem.
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For the computer game developer, see Thalamus Ltd.


The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος = bedroom, chamber, IPA= /ˈθæləməs/) is a pair and symmetric part of the brain.
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The limbic lobe is a portion of the brain associated with functions such as olfaction and emotion.

It is related to the term limbic system, but unlike that term, "limbic lobe" is a part of the Terminologia Anatomica, and there is less disagreement over what is included in
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prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. Cytoarchitectonically, it is defined by the presence of an internal granular layer IV (in contrast to the agranular premotor cortex).
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Stereology (from Greek stereos = solid) was originally defined as `the spatial interpretation of sections'. It is an interdisciplinary field that is largely concerned with the three-dimensional interpretation of planar sections of materials or tissues.
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Brain cells is a generic term for the neurons and glial cells. Neurons are nerve cells that process and transmit information through the nervous system. Glial cells provide support, protection, and nutrition to the neurons.
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Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
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Glial cells, commonly called neuroglia or simply glia (greek for "glue"), are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
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digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier given to a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique identifying number that can be used by anyone to locate details of the paper, and
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digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier given to a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique identifying number that can be used by anyone to locate details of the paper, and
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BrainMaps is an NIH-funded interactive zoomable high-resolution digital brain atlas and virtual microscope that is based on more than 20 million megapixels (50 terabytes) of scanned images of serial sections of both primate and non-primate brains and that is integrated with a
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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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The diencephalon is the region of the brain that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, prethalamus or subthalamus and pretectum. It is derived from the prosencephalon. The diencephalon is located at the midline of the brain, above the mesencephalon of the brain stem.
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The epithalamus is a dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon (a segment in the middle of the brain also containing the hypothalamus and the thalamus) which includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body.
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The pineal gland (also called the pineal body, epiphysis cerebri, or epiphysis) is a small endocrine gland in the brain. It is shaped like a tiny pine cone, and is located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the
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