Information about Maxillary Central Incisor
| Human Teeth | |
| Maxillary teeth | |
|---|---|
| |
| Mandibular teeth | |
| |
| Maxillary central incisor | |
| Maxillary central incisors of permanent and primary teeth marked in red. | |
The maxillary central incisor is a human tooth in the front upper jaw, or maxilla, and is usually the most visible of all teeth in the mouth. It is located mesial (closer to the midline of the face) to the maxillary lateral incisor. As with all incisors, their function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication (chewing). There are no cusps on the teeth. Instead, the surface area of the tooth used in eating is called an incisal ridge or incisal edge. Formation of these teeth begin at 14 weeks in utero for the deciduous (baby) set and 3–4 months of age for the permanent set.[1]
There are some minor differences between the deciduous maxillary central incisor and that of the permanent maxillary central incisor. The deciduous tooth appears in the mouth at 10 months of age and is replaced by the permanent tooth around 7–8 years of age. The permanent tooth is larger and is longer than it is wide. The maxillary central incisors contact each other at the midline of the face. The mandibular central incisors are the only other type of teeth to do so. The position of these teeth may determine the existence of an open bite or diastema. As with all teeth, variations of size, shape, and color exist among people. Systemic disease, such as syphilis, may affect the appearance of teeth.
Notation
Dentistry has several systems of notation to identify teeth. In the universal system of notation, the deciduous maxillary central incisors are designated by a letter written in uppercase.[2] The right deciduous maxillary central incisor is known as "E", and the left one is known as "F". The permanent maxillary central incisors are designated by a number. The right permanent maxillary central incisor is known as "8", and the left one is known as "9".In the Palmer notation, a letter is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found.[3] For the deciduous teeth, the left and right central incisor would have the same letter, "A", but the right one would have the symbol, "┘", underneath it, while the left one would have, "└". For the permanent teeth, the left and right central incisor would have the same number, "1", but the right one would have the symbol, "┘", underneath it, while the left one would have, "└".
The FDI World Dental Federation notation has a different system of numbering system than the previous two.[4] Thus, the right deciduous maxillary central incisor is known as "51", and the left one is known as "61". For the permanent maxillary central incisor, the right one is known as "11", and the left one is known as "21".
Development
- For more information on general tooth development, see Tooth development.
The aggregate of cells which eventually form a tooth are derived from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest.[5] As in all cases of tooth development, the first hard tissue to begin forming is dentin, with enamel appearing immediately afterwards.
The deciduous maxillary central incisor begins to undergo mineralization 14 weeks in utero, and at birth 5/6ths of the enamel is formed.[6] The crown of the tooth is completed 1.5 months after birth and erupts into the mouth at around 10 months of age, making these teeth usually the second type of teeth to appear. The root completes its formation when the child is 1.5 years old.
The permanent maxillary central incisor begins to undergo mineralization when a child is 3–4 months of age.[7] The crown of the tooth is completed at around 4–5 years of age and erupts into the mouth at 7–8 years of age. The root completes its formation when the child is 10 years old.
Deciduous dentition
The overall length of the deciduous maxillary central incisor is 16 mm on average, with the crown being 6 mm and the root being 10 mm.[8] In comparison to the permanent maxillary central incisor, the ratio of the root length to the crown length is greater in the deciduous tooth. The diameter of the crown mesiodistally is greater than the length cervicoincisally, which makes the tooth appear wider rather than taller from a labial viewpoint.The marginal ridges and the cingulum of the tooth are well-developed. The cingulum reaches incisally a great length and is large enough to create small fossa on either side of it. Depicted by the cementoenamel junction, the cervical line is the border between the root and crown of a tooth. On the mesial and distal surfaces, the cervical line curves incisally, which is also seen in the permanent maxillary central incisor.
The root of this tooth is cone-shaped with a rounded apex. Most of the surfaces are smooth, but the mesial surface of the root may have a developmental groove or a concavity.
Permanent dentition
The permanent maxillary central incisor is the widest tooth mesiodistally in comparison to any other anterior tooth. It is larger than the neighboring lateral incisor and is usually not as convex on its labial surface. As a result, the central incisor appears to be more rectangular or square in shape. The mesial incisal angle is sharper than the distal incisal angle. When this tooth is newly erupted into the mouth, the incisal edges have three rounded features called mammelons.[9] Mammelons disappear with time as the enamel wears away by friction.Generally, there are gender differences in the appearance of this tooth. In males, the size of the maxillary central incisor is larger usually than in females. Gender differences in enamel thicknes and dentin width are low. Age differences in the gingival-incisal length of maxillary central incisors are seen and are attributed to normal attrition occurring throughout life. Thus, younger individuals have a greater gingival incisal length of the teeth than older individuals.
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Labial view
The labial view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side where the lips would be. The mesial outline of the tooth is straight or slightly convex, whereas the distal outline is much more convex.[10] Consequently, the height of curvature (the point furthest away from the central axis of the tooth) is closer to the mesioincisal angle on the mesial side while more apical on the distal side. the distal outline of the crown is more convex than the mesial outline, and the distoincisal angle is not as sharp as the mesoincisal angle. After the mammelons are worn away, the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisor is straight mesiodistally. The center of the incisal edge curves slightly downward in the center of the tooth. The cervical line, which is seen as the border between the crown and the root of the tooth, is closer to the apex of the root in the center of the tooth. This makes the cervical line appear as a semicircle in shape.From this view, the root is blunt and cone-shaped. Although there is a large amount of variation between people, the length of the root is usually 2–3 mm longer the length of the crown.[11] Large curvatures of the root are usually not seen in this tooth.
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Lingual view
The lingual view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side where the tongue would be. The lingual side of the maxillary central incisor has a small convexity, called a cingulum near the cervical line and has a large concavity, called the lingual fossa. Along the mesial and distal sides are slightly raised portions called marginal ridges. The lingual incisal edge is also raised slightly to the level of the marginal ridges. The lingual fossa is bordered incisally by the lingual incisal edge, mesially by the mesial marginal ridge, distally by the distal marginal ridge, and cervically by the cingulum.[12] Developmental grooves are found on the cingulum and lying into the lingual fossa.This side of the tooth tapers in size from the labial side of the tooth. As a result, the mesial and distal sides of the tooth are further away on the labial side than on the lingual side. Furthermore, a cross-section of the tooth at the cervical line would show a general triangle appearance. One of the triangle's sides would be the facial surface, and the other two sides would be the mesial side and the slightly shorter distal side.
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Mesial view
The mesial view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side closest to where the middle line of the face would be. The mesial side of the maxillary central incisor shows the crown of the tooth as a triangle with the point at the incisal edge and the base at the cervix.[9] The root appears cone shaped with a blunt apex. Unlike most other teeth, a line drawn through the center of the incisal edge will also cross through the center of the root apex.[14] This also occurs in maxillary lateral incisors.The crest of curvature for the palatal and labial surfaces is located directly incisally to the cervical line. The labial surface of the crown is convex from the crest of curvature to the incisal edge. The lingual surface of the crown is convex near the cingulum and near the incisal edge, but for the most part is concave along the surfce between those two areas.
More than any other tooth in the mouth, the cervical line from this view curves tremendously toward the incisal. In an average crown length of 10.5 to 11 mm, the curvature of the cervical line in a maxillary central incisor is 3 to 4 mm.[14]
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Distal view
The distal view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side furthest from where the middle line of the face would be. This side of the tooth is very similar to the mesial side. A greater portion of the tooth surface facing the lips is visible from this view compared to the mesial view because the labial surface tilts distally and lingually. Also, the cervical line curves less in comparison to the mesial view.[10]Incisal view
The incisal view of this tooth considers the portion of the tooth visible from the side where the incisal edge is located. From this angle, only the crown of the tooth is visible, and overall the tooth looks bilateral. The labial surface appears broad and flat. The lingual surface tapers toward the cingulum. The distance between the mesioincisal angle to the cingulum is slightly longer than the distance between the distoincisal angle to the cingulum.[17]Pulp anatomy
The pulp is the location of the nerve and blood supply of a tooth. In the deciduous maxillary central incisor, endodontic treatment is less frequent. In the permanent maxillary central incisor, root canal treatment can be effective. There frequently are three pulp horns in this tooth.[10] In nearly all maxillary central incisors, there is one canal with one apex.[19] During root canal therapy, access into the pulp is frequently located centrally on the lingual surface between the incisal edge and the cingulum. At the level of the cervical line, the shape of the canal is triangular but becomes circular at the middle level of the root.[19] Although the root is generally straight, the most common points of curvature is near the apex, and their direction is more common toward the distal and lingual.Surrounding teeth
Interproximal contacts
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Contact with adjacent teeth in the same arch is referred to as interproximal contacts. The maxillary central incisors are one of only two types of teeth which has an interproximal contact with itself. The other type of teeth is the mandibular central incisors. In usually preferred and healthy states, the central incisors touch in the incisal third of the teeth.[21] On the other hand, the contact between the central incisor and the lateral incisor is nearer the gingiva at the location between the incisal and middle thirds of the tooth's crown.
Occlusion
As with all maxillary anterior teeth, the central incisors are usually located facially to the mandibular teeth when the mouth is closed.[22] In instances when the maxillary anterior teeth are lingual to the mandibular teeth, the condition is referred to as an anterior crossbite. In some cases, this arrangement of teeth may indicate a displacement of the mandible relative to the maxilla and is called Class III or Pseudo-Class III malocclusion. Normal occlusion is Class I occlusion.When the teeth are biting down, the maxillary central incisors occlude with the mandibular central and lateral incisors. The contact point of the mandibular teeth is in the lingual fossa of the maxillary central incisor about 4 mm gingivally from the incisal edge.[22] In this position, the maxillary incisors cover nearly half of the mandibular incisors' crowns. When the maxillary and mandibular incisors do not contact even when the mouth is fully closed, an anterior open bite occurs. This misalignment of teeth may result from some habits, such as thumb-sucking. On the other hand, when the contact of the mandibular incisors to the maxillary incisors is near or completely on the gingiva, a deep bite occurs.
Variation
Considered to be a common variation in Asian populations, shovel-shaped incisors derive their name from the deeper-than-normal lingual fossa and prominent marginal ridges of the teeth. When seen from lingual view, the tooth is said to resemble a shovel. It is also common to see signs of attrition, which is wear over time from other tooth contact. The lingual of maxillary incisors and the facial of mandibular incisors are the most common places for attrition to occur.When space exists between the contacts of the maxillary central incisors, the condition is referred to as a diastema. One frequent cause of the space is the presence of a large labial frenum from the upper lip extending near the teeth. Treatment depends upon the cause and extent of the gap. Periodontal surgery may be required to reduce the frenum. A small space may be corrected with a filling, veneer, or crown. Larger spaces may require orthodontics.
The maxillary incisors, both the central and lateral, are the most likely teeth to have a talon cusp, which is an extra cusp on the lingual surface. Talon cusps have been found in to range in less than 1% to 6% of the population, and 33% of cases occur on the permanent maxillary central incisor.[24] Deciduous teeth are unlikely to have talon cusps. Also, the permanent maxillary incisors are the most likely teeth to have a dilaceration, which is a sharp curve on a tooth.[25]
All incisors have the potential to be affected by a case of congentital syphilis, which can cause a notch to form on the incisal edges of these teeth. These teeth, sometimes described as screwdriver-shaped, are called "Hutchinson's incisors."[26] They serve as part of Hutchinson's triad, which also includes interstitial keratitis and eighth nerve deafness.
References
1. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. pp. 45 and 54. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
2. ^ ADA.org: Oral Health Topics: Tooth Numbering Systems, hosted on the American Dental association website. Page accessed April 1, 2007.
3. ^ Huszár G (1989). "The role of the life and works of Adolf Zsigmondy and Ottó Zsigmondy in the history of dentistry". Fogorv Sz 82 (12): 357-63. PMID 2689240.
4. ^ FDI Two-Digit Notation, hosted on the FDI World dental Federation website. Page accessed April 1, 2007.
5. ^ Cate, A. R. Ten, Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function, 5th ed. (Saint Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1998), p. 102. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.
6. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 54. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
7. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 45. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
8. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 75. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
9. ^ The Permanent Incisor Teeth, hosted by the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), accessed on June 8, 2006.
10. ^ Maxillary Incisors, hosted by the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, accessed on June 8, 2006.
11. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 156. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
12. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 158. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
13. ^ The Permanent Incisor Teeth, hosted by the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), accessed on June 8, 1006.
14. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 159. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
15. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 159. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
16. ^ Maxillary Incisors, hosted by the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, accessed on June 8, 1006.
17. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 161. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
18. ^ Maxillary Incisors, hosted by the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, accessed on June 8, 1006.
19. ^ Walton, Richard E. and Mahmoud Torabinejad. Principles and Practice of Endodontics. 3rd edition. 2002. p. 562. ISBN 0-7216-9160-9.
20. ^ Walton, Richard E. and Mahmoud Torabinejad. Principles and Practice of Endodontics. 3rd edition. 2002. p. 562. ISBN 0-7216-9160-9.
21. ^ Summit, James B., J. William Robbins, and Richard S. Schwartz. "Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach." 2nd edition. Carol Stream, Illinois, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 2001. P. 62. ISBN 0-86715-382-2.
22. ^ Okeson, Jeffrey P. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 5th edition. 2003. p. 83. ISBN 0-323-01477-1.
23. ^ Okeson, Jeffrey P. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 5th edition. 2003. p. 83. ISBN 0-323-01477-1.
24. ^ Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second edition. 2002. Page 78. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
25. ^ Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second edition. 2002. Page 86. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
26. ^ Syphilis: Complications, hosted on the Mayo Clinic website. Page accessed January 21, 2007.
2. ^ ADA.org: Oral Health Topics: Tooth Numbering Systems, hosted on the American Dental association website. Page accessed April 1, 2007.
3. ^ Huszár G (1989). "The role of the life and works of Adolf Zsigmondy and Ottó Zsigmondy in the history of dentistry". Fogorv Sz 82 (12): 357-63. PMID 2689240.
4. ^ FDI Two-Digit Notation, hosted on the FDI World dental Federation website. Page accessed April 1, 2007.
5. ^ Cate, A. R. Ten, Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function, 5th ed. (Saint Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1998), p. 102. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.
6. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 54. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
7. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 45. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
8. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 75. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
9. ^ The Permanent Incisor Teeth, hosted by the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), accessed on June 8, 2006.
10. ^ Maxillary Incisors, hosted by the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, accessed on June 8, 2006.
11. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 156. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
12. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 158. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
13. ^ The Permanent Incisor Teeth, hosted by the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), accessed on June 8, 1006.
14. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 159. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
15. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 159. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
16. ^ Maxillary Incisors, hosted by the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, accessed on June 8, 1006.
17. ^ Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion. 8th edition. 2003. p. 161. ISBN 0-7216-9382-2.
18. ^ Maxillary Incisors, hosted by the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, accessed on June 8, 1006.
19. ^ Walton, Richard E. and Mahmoud Torabinejad. Principles and Practice of Endodontics. 3rd edition. 2002. p. 562. ISBN 0-7216-9160-9.
20. ^ Walton, Richard E. and Mahmoud Torabinejad. Principles and Practice of Endodontics. 3rd edition. 2002. p. 562. ISBN 0-7216-9160-9.
21. ^ Summit, James B., J. William Robbins, and Richard S. Schwartz. "Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach." 2nd edition. Carol Stream, Illinois, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 2001. P. 62. ISBN 0-86715-382-2.
22. ^ Okeson, Jeffrey P. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 5th edition. 2003. p. 83. ISBN 0-323-01477-1.
23. ^ Okeson, Jeffrey P. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion. 5th edition. 2003. p. 83. ISBN 0-323-01477-1.
24. ^ Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second edition. 2002. Page 78. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
25. ^ Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second edition. 2002. Page 86. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
26. ^ Syphilis: Complications, hosted on the Mayo Clinic website. Page accessed January 21, 2007.
Maxillary is something related to the maxilla bone. It may be:
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- Maxillary artery
- Maxillary nerve
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Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, and chew food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or defense. The roots of teeth are covered by gums.
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The maxillary lateral incisor is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both maxillary central incisors of the mouth and mesially (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary canines.
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The maxillary canine is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both maxillary lateral incisors of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary first premolars.
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The maxillary first premolar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary canines of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary second premolars.
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The maxillary second premolar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary first molars.
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The maxillary first molar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary second premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary second molars.
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The maxillary second molar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary first molars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary third molars. This is true only in permanent teeth.
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The maxillary third molar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary second molars of the mouth with no tooth posterior to it in permanent teeth. In deciduous (baby) teeth, there is no maxillary third molar.
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mandible (from Latin mandibūla, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face . It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.
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Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, and chew food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or defense. The roots of teeth are covered by gums.
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The mandibular central incisor is the tooth located on the jaw, adjacent to the midline of the face. It is mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular lateral incisors.
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The mandibular lateral incisor is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both mandibular central incisors of the mouth and mesially (toward the midline of the face) from both manibular canines.
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The mandibular canine is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both mandibular lateral incisors of the mouth but mesially (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first premolars.
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The mandibular first premolar is the tooth located laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular canines of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular second premolars.
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The mandibular second premolar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first molars.
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The mandibular first molar (also known as 6 yr molar) is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular second premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular second molars.
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The mandibular second molar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first molars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular third molars. This is true only in permanent teeth.
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The mandibular third molar, commonly known as a wisdom tooth, is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular second molars of the mouth with no tooth posterior to it in permanent teeth.
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Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
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If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
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Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, and chew food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or defense. The roots of teeth are covered by gums.
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The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible, which is also a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis.
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mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the orifice through which an organism takes in food and water.
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Location
In all mammals, the mouth is forward-facing in the face. Non-mammals have mouths in other locations (e.g...... Click the link for more information.
There are numerous commonly used terms of relationship and comparison that refer to different aspects of teeth and are frequently utilized in articles about dentistry. Many of them are included below as a sort of glossary to assist with understanding the many articles that include
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The face is the front part of the head, in humans from the forehead to chin including the hair, forehead, eyebrow, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, lips, philtrum, teeth, skin, and chin. The face is used for expression, appearance and identity amongst others.
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The maxillary lateral incisor is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both maxillary central incisors of the mouth and mesially (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary canines.
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Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla.
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Function
In many herbivorous or omnivorous mammals, such as the human and the horse, they are adapted for shearing sharply...... Click the link for more information.
Shear as a noun may refer to:
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- Bias (textile), in clothing design, fabric may be cut on the shear
- Cosmic shear, an effect of distortion of image of distant galaxies due to deflection of light by matter, as predicted by general relativity (see also weak lensing and
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Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is mashed and crushed by teeth. It is the first step of digestion and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes.
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cusp is an occlusal or incisal eminance on a tooth.
Canine teeth, otherwise known as cuspids, each possess a single cusp, while premolars, otherwise known as bicuspids, possess two each. Molars normally possess either four or five cusps.
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Canine teeth, otherwise known as cuspids, each possess a single cusp, while premolars, otherwise known as bicuspids, possess two each. Molars normally possess either four or five cusps.
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Herod_Archelaus
