Information about Male Lactation
The phenomenon of male lactation in humans has become more common in recent years due to the use of medications that stimulate a man's mammary glands. Though boys and men have nipples, many are unaware that they also have mammary glands. Ordinarily there is so little mammary tissue that it is unnoticeable; if the male breasts develop visibly, the condition is called gynecomastia. Under the appropriate hormonal stimulus—that nature provides to human females when they become pregnant and give birth—the mammary glands of human males can also produce milk. The volume of milk produced is low relative to that of a lactating female. Male lactation has, in some cases, commenced without hormonal treatments as well. Newborn baby boys (and girls) can occasionally produce milk because of the intense hormones involved in their mother's pregnancy and the hours of childbirth; this is called witch's milk.
Male lactation is most commonly caused by hormonal treatments given to men suffering from prostate cancer. Female hormones are used to slow the production of cancerous prostate tissue, but the same hormones also stimulate the mammary glands. Male-to-female transsexuals may also produce milk due to the hormones they take to reshape their bodies. It can occasionally be a side effect of antipsychotic medication. Extreme stress combined with demanding physical activity and a shortage of food has also been known to cause male lactation. The phenomenon was first studied in survivors of the liberated Nazi concentration camps after World War II. Some American POWs returning from the Korean and Vietnam Wars also experienced male lactation.
It is also possible for males (and females) to induce lactation through constant massage and simulated 'sucking' of the nipple over a long period of time (months).
The phenomenon of male lactation occurs in some non-human species, notably the Dayak fruit bat (Dyacopterus spadiceus), and the lactating males may assist in the nursing of their infants. In addition, male goats are known to lactate on occasion.[1]
Spontaneous male lactation and even nursing have occasionally been observed in humans.[2]
In Why Is Sex Fun?, Jared Diamond reports of male and female cancer patients being treated with estrogen who proceeded to lactate when injected with prolactin, and suggests that mechanical stimulation of male breasts, by releasing prolactin, could result in lactation. He also mentions teenage boys lactating after self stimulation of their nipples. [3]
Male lactation is most commonly caused by hormonal treatments given to men suffering from prostate cancer. Female hormones are used to slow the production of cancerous prostate tissue, but the same hormones also stimulate the mammary glands. Male-to-female transsexuals may also produce milk due to the hormones they take to reshape their bodies. It can occasionally be a side effect of antipsychotic medication. Extreme stress combined with demanding physical activity and a shortage of food has also been known to cause male lactation. The phenomenon was first studied in survivors of the liberated Nazi concentration camps after World War II. Some American POWs returning from the Korean and Vietnam Wars also experienced male lactation.
It is also possible for males (and females) to induce lactation through constant massage and simulated 'sucking' of the nipple over a long period of time (months).
The phenomenon of male lactation occurs in some non-human species, notably the Dayak fruit bat (Dyacopterus spadiceus), and the lactating males may assist in the nursing of their infants. In addition, male goats are known to lactate on occasion.[1]
Spontaneous male lactation and even nursing have occasionally been observed in humans.[2]
In Why Is Sex Fun?, Jared Diamond reports of male and female cancer patients being treated with estrogen who proceeded to lactate when injected with prolactin, and suggests that mechanical stimulation of male breasts, by releasing prolactin, could result in lactation. He also mentions teenage boys lactating after self stimulation of their nipples. [3]
See also
References
1. ^ Gómez MA, Garcés-Abadías B, Muñoz A, Vásquez F, Serrano J, Bernabé A: "Structural and Ultrastructural Study of GH, PRL and SMT Cells in Male Goat by Immunocytochemical Methods". Cells Tissues Organs 1999;165:22-29
2. ^ ''Malcolm', by Bruce Perry, p. 57.
3. ^ Jared Diamond, Why is Sex Fun? The Evolution of Human Sexuality, ISBN 0-465-03126-9
2. ^ ''Malcolm', by Bruce Perry, p. 57.
3. ^ Jared Diamond, Why is Sex Fun? The Evolution of Human Sexuality, ISBN 0-465-03126-9
- Angier, Natalie; New York Times, February 24, 1994. Cr. J. Covey.
- Francis, Charles M., et al; "Lactation in Male Fruit Bats," Nature, 367:691, 1994.
- Fackelmann, K.A.; Science News, 145:148, 1994.
- Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine G.M. Gould and W.L. Pyle
External links
Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands, the process of providing that milk to the young, and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
A medication, medicine or drug is any substance or combination of substances administered to human beings or animals to treat or prevent disease; alternatively to assist in medical diagnosis.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Mammary glands are the organs that, in the female mammal, produce milk for the sustenance of the young. These exocrine glands are enlarged and modified sweat glands and are the characteristic of mammals which gave the class its name.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
nipple is an appurtenance from which a fluid emanates, in this instance breast milk, to nurture a mother's young.
..... Click the link for more information.
Anatomy
In the anatomy of mammals, a nipple or mammary papilla..... Click the link for more information.
Gynecomastia, or gynaecomastia, pronounced [ˈgaɪ.nə.kəʊˌmæs.ti.ə] is the development of abnormally large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement, which can sometimes
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring, known as a fetus or embryo, inside the body of a female mammal such as a human. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations (for example, in the case of twins or triplets).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a human pregnancy or gestation period with the delivery of one or more newborn infants from a woman's uterus.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals (including monotremes). Mammary glands are highly specialized sweat glands. The female ability to produce milk is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Witch's milk or neonatal milk is milk secreted from the breasts of some newborn infants. It is the result of the influence of the mother's hormones prior to birth. Witch's milk is only secreted by infants born at full term, and not by the breasts of prematurely-born infants.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Prostate cancer
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C 61.
ICD-9 185
OMIM 176807
DiseasesDB 10780
MedlinePlus 000380
eMedicine radio/574 Prostate cancer
..... Click the link for more information.
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 C 61.
ICD-9 185
OMIM 176807
DiseasesDB 10780
MedlinePlus 000380
eMedicine radio/574 Prostate cancer
..... Click the link for more information.
hormone (from Greek όρμή - "to set in motion") is a chemical messenger that carries a signal from one cell (or group of cells) to another. All multicellular organisms produce hormones (including plants - see phytohormone).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Transsexualism is a condition in which a person identifies as the gender opposite to the sex assigned to them at birth. Transsexualism is considered a taboo subject in many parts of the world. Negative beliefs about transsexualism may stem from religious beliefs or cultural norms.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The term antipsychotic is applied to a group of drugs used to treat psychosis. Common conditions with which antipsychotics might be used include schizophrenia, mania and delusional disorder.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject.
Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
..... Click the link for more information.
Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
..... Click the link for more information.
concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, abbreviated KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled. In these camps, millions of prisoners were killed through mistreatment, disease, starvation, and overwork, or were executed as unfit for labor.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Allied powers:
Soviet Union
United States
United Kingdom
China
France
...et al. Axis powers:
Germany
Japan
Italy
...et al.
..... Click the link for more information.
Soviet Union
United States
United Kingdom
China
France
...et al. Axis powers:
Germany
Japan
Italy
...et al.
..... Click the link for more information.
Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
..... Click the link for more information.
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
..... Click the link for more information.
prisoner of war (POW, PoW, or PW) is a combatant who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ancient times
..... Click the link for more information.
United Nations:
United Nations
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Colombia
Ethiopia
France
Greece
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Philippines
South Africa
Thailand
..... Click the link for more information.
United Nations
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Colombia
Ethiopia
France
Greece
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Philippines
South Africa
Thailand
..... Click the link for more information.
Total dead: ~314,000
Total wounded: ~1,490,000 North Vietnam and NLF
dead and missing: ~1,100,000 [1] [2] [3] [4]
wounded: ~600,000+ [5]
People's Republic of China
dead: 1,446
wounded: 4,200
..... Click the link for more information.
Total wounded: ~1,490,000 North Vietnam and NLF
dead and missing: ~1,100,000 [1] [2] [3] [4]
wounded: ~600,000+ [5]
People's Republic of China
dead: 1,446
wounded: 4,200
..... Click the link for more information.
species is one of the basic units of biological classification. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
D. spadiceus
Binomial name
Dyacopterus spadiceus
(Thomas, 1890)
The Dayak fruit bat or Dyak fruit bat (Dyacopterus spadiceus
..... Click the link for more information.
Binomial name
Dyacopterus spadiceus
(Thomas, 1890)
The Dayak fruit bat or Dyak fruit bat (Dyacopterus spadiceus
..... Click the link for more information.
D. spadiceus
Binomial name
Dyacopterus spadiceus
(Thomas, 1890)
The Dayak fruit bat or Dyak fruit bat (Dyacopterus spadiceus
..... Click the link for more information.
Binomial name
Dyacopterus spadiceus
(Thomas, 1890)
The Dayak fruit bat or Dyak fruit bat (Dyacopterus spadiceus
..... Click the link for more information.
Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child with milk from a woman's breasts. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and milk.
With few exceptions, human breast milk is the best source of nourishment for human infants.
..... Click the link for more information.
With few exceptions, human breast milk is the best source of nourishment for human infants.
..... Click the link for more information.
Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
C. a. hircus
Trinomial name
Capra aegagrus hircus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a domesticated subspecies of the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.
..... Click the link for more information.
Trinomial name
Capra aegagrus hircus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a domesticated subspecies of the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.
..... Click the link for more information.
Why is Sex Fun? The Evolution of Human Sexuality is a book by Jared Diamond dealing with the evolutionary development of human sexuality. Diamond addresses some peculiar aspects of human sexuality, for example why women's ovulation is not overtly advertised, and why humans
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Jared Diamond
Born: 10 September 1937
Boston
Occupation: Nonfiction writer, Professor of Geography at UCLA
Nationality: American
..... Click the link for more information.
Born: 10 September 1937
Boston
Occupation: Nonfiction writer, Professor of Geography at UCLA
Nationality: American
..... Click the link for more information.
Estrogens (alternative spellings: oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of steroid compounds, named for their importance in the estrous cycle, and functioning as the primary female sex hormone.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Prolactin (PRL) is a peptide hormone primarily associated with lactation. In breastfeeding, the infant suckling the teat stimulates the production of prolactin, which fills the breast with milk (lactogenesis) in preparation for the next feed.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus
