Information about Magenta
| MAGENTA | |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Michael Jacobson Jr., Klaus Huber | |
| 1998 | |
| Cipher detail | |
| Key size(s):| 128, 192 or 256 bits | |
| Block size(s):| 128 bits | |
| Feistel network | |
| 6 or 8 | |
In cryptography, MAGENTA is a symmetric key block cipher developed by Michael Jacobson Jr. and Klaus Huber for Deutsche Telekom. The name MAGENTA is an acronym for Multifunctional Algorithm for General-purpose Encryption and Network Telecommunication Applications. (The color magenta is also part of the corporate identity of Deutsche Telekom.) The cipher was submitted to the Advanced Encryption Standard process, but did not advance beyond the first round; cryptographic weaknesses were discovered and it was found to be one of the slower ciphers submitted [1].
MAGENTA has a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It is a Feistel cipher with six or eight rounds.
After the presentation of the cipher at the first AES conference, several cryptographers immediately found vulnerabilities [2]. These were written up and presented at the second AES conference (Biham et al, 1999).
References
- Eli Biham, Alex Biryukov, Niels Ferguson, Lars Knudsen, Bruce Schneier and Adi Shamir, "Cryptanalysis of Magenta", Second AES candidate conference, April 1999 (PDF).
External links
This article is about the color. For other uses, see MAGENTA (disambiguation).
| Magenta | ||
|---|---|---|
| <imagemap>Image:Information-silk.png|About these coordinates rect 0 0 50 50 About these coordinates desc none</imagemap>— Color coordinates — | ||
| Hex triplet | #FF00FF | |
| RGBB | (r, g, b) | (255, 0, 255) |
| HSV | (h, s, v) | (300°, 100%, 100%) |
| Source | X11 | |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) | ||
Magenta is a purplish pink evoked by lights with less power in yellowish-green wavelengths than in blue and red wavelengths (complements of magenta have wavelength 500–530 nm).[1] It is an extra-spectral color, meaning it cannot be generated by a single wavelength of light. The name magenta comes from the dye magenta, commonly called fuchsine, discovered shortly after the 1859 Battle of Magenta near Magenta, Italy.
In the Munsell color system, magenta is called red-purple. In the CMYK color model used in printing, it is one of the primary colors of ink. In the RGB color model, the secondary color created by mixing the red and blue primaries is called magenta or fuchsia, though this color differs in hue from printer’s magenta.
Historical development of magenta
| Rich magenta | ||
|---|---|---|
| <imagemap>Image:Information-silk.png|About these coordinates rect 0 0 50 50 About these coordinates desc none</imagemap>— Color coordinates — | ||
| Hex triplet | #CA1F7B | |
| RGBB | (r, g, b) | (202, 31, 123) |
| HSV | (h, s, v) | (300°, 97%, 92%) |
| Source | Internet | |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) | ||
Rich magenta (original variation) (1860)
Before printer's magenta was invented in the 1890s for CMYK printing, and electric magenta was invented in the 1980s for computer displays, these two artificially engineered colors were preceded by the color displayed at right, which is the color originally called magenta made from coal tar dyes in the year 1859.[2] Besides being called original magenta, it is also called rich magenta to distinguish it from the colors electric magenta and printer's magenta shown below.This color corresponds to the Prismacolor colored pencil magenta.
| Process magenta (subtractive primary, sRGB approximation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| <imagemap>Image:Information-silk.png|About these coordinates rect 0 0 50 50 About these coordinates desc none</imagemap>— Color coordinates — | ||
| Hex triplet | #FF0090 | |
| RGBB | (r, g, b) | (255, 0, 144) |
| HSV | (h, s, v) | (320°, 100%, 100 %) |
| Source | [3] CMYK | |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) | ||
Process magenta (pigment magenta; printer's magenta) (1890s)
In color printing, the color called process magenta, or pigment magenta, or printer's magenta is one of the three primary pigment colors which, along with yellow and cyan, constitute the three subtractive primary colors of pigment. (The secondary colors of pigment are blue, green, and red.) As such, the hue magenta, is the complement of green: magenta pigments absorb green light; thus magenta and green are opposite colors.The CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips.
Process magenta is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure magenta ink. A typical formulation of process magenta is shown in the color box at right. The source of the color shown at right is the color magenta that is shown in the diagram located at the bottom of the following website offering tintbooks for CMYK printing: [4]. A printer’s magenta is usually out of gamut on a computer display, so the color at right is only an approximation.
In Prismacolor colored pencils, this color (Prismacolor PC 994) is called process red (it would have been more accurate to call it process magenta). The Prismacolor colored pencil process red color is not quite as saturated as the color process magenta shown above.
| Magenta (additive secondary) | ||
|---|---|---|
| <imagemap>Image:Information-silk.png|About these coordinates rect 0 0 50 50 About these coordinates desc none</imagemap>— Color coordinates — | ||
| Hex triplet | #FF00FF | |
| RGBB | (r, g, b) | (255, 0, 255) |
| HSV | (h, s, v) | (300°, 100%, 100%) |
| Source | X11 | |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) | ||
Electric magenta (additive secondary magenta) (web color fuchsia) (1990s)
Electric magenta, shown at the right, is one of the three secondary colors in the RGB color model. For computer color rendition, that specific hue of magenta composed of equal parts of red and blue light was termed the web color fuchsia and was assigned as an alias for the RGB code of magenta on a list of standardized web colors. "Electric" magenta and fuchsia are exactly the same color. Sometimes electric magenta is called electronic magenta.The color fuchsia is named after the color of the flowers of the Fuchsia plant, named after Leonhart Fuchs, although most of the flowers of the plant are not quite so bright.
Electric magenta vs. pigment magenta
Note that while both of these colors are called magenta they are actually substantially different from one another. Printer's (or pigment) magenta (the color used for magenta printing ink) is much less vivid than the color electric magenta achievable on a computer screen--indeed, CMYK printing technology cannot accurately reproduce pure magenta as described above as electric magenta (1/2 100% blue light + 1/2 100% red light=magenta) on paper. To see the difference between electric magenta and printer's magenta, compare the two magentas (additive and subtractive) in the two charts in the Primary colors article.When electric magenta is reproduced on paper, it is called fuchsia and it is physically impossible for it to appear on paper as vivid as on a computer screen. In order to reproduce it, a small amount of cyan printer's ink must be added to printer's magenta to make fuchsia, and therefore fuchsia is not a primary color of pigment--it is the color of printer's magenta that is one of the primary colors of pigment (along with cyan and yellow).
The name fuchsia was chosen as the alias for electric magenta because that is the color name for the color that in printed reproduction is its equivalent.
Since prior to the introduction of personal computers magenta was synonymous with printer's magenta, colored pencils and crayons called "magenta" are usually colored the color of process magenta (printer's magenta) shown above.
Magenta on the color wheel
If the visible spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, magenta (additive secondary) appears midway between red and blue:)
)
Magenta in human culture
Art
- Since the mid 1960s, water based fluorescent magenta paint has been available to paint psychedelic black light paintings. (Fluorescent magenta is one of the seven main colors used, in addition to fluorescent orange, fluorescent red, fluorescent cerise, fluorescent chartreuse yellow, fluorescent blue, and fluorescent green.)
- By the early 1960s, vivid colors in the magenta range became available, and as a result many become aware that magenta, yellow, and cyan make better primary pigments than red, blue, and yellow.
Astronomy
- Astronomers have reported that spectral class T brown dwarves (the ones with the coolest temperatures) are colored magenta because of absorption by sodium and potassium atoms of light in the green portion of the spectrum. To see an artist's impression of a magenta brown dwarf, go to (halfway down the page): http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.darkstar1.co.uk/dwarfs.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.darkstar1.co.uk/ds3.htm&h=271&w=440&sz=21&hl=en&start=36&tbnid=YZjTVVc9ngB48M:&tbnh=78&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522Brown%2BDwarfs%2522%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN
Cosmetology
- About 1977 bright colored hair dyes became available for the first time to hair stylists, and some people began having their hair dyed magenta.
Fashion
Music
- In the lyrics of Savage Garden's first single "I Want You" a reference is made to one of the character's "magenta feelings" (1996).
- There is a song called Maria Magenta on the 1973 album Cosmic Wheels by Donovan. [3]
Parapsychology
- To psychics who claim to be able to observe the aura with their third eye, someone who has a magenta aura is usually described as being artistic and creative. It is reported that typical occupations for someone with a magenta aura would be such professions as artist, art dealer, actor, author, costume designer, or set designer.[4]
Politics
- The color Magenta is used to symbolize anti-racism by the Amsterdam-based anti-racism Magenta Foundation.[5]
References
1. ^ Bruce MacEvoy. “Light and the Eye”, Handprint. A chart citing R.W.G. Hunt 2004. The Reproduction of Color.
2. ^ Maerz and Paul. A Dictionary of Color, New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 126 Plate 52 Color Sample K12--Magenta (Color shown is color shown above as rich magenta)
3. ^ Lyrics to the song Maria Magenta:
4. ^ Oslie, Pamalie. (2000.) Life Colors: What the Colors in Your Aura Reveal New World Library , Novato, California. See magenta auras: pages 44-51.
5. ^ Magenta Foundation. Organization website.
2. ^ Maerz and Paul. A Dictionary of Color, New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 126 Plate 52 Color Sample K12--Magenta (Color shown is color shown above as rich magenta)
3. ^ Lyrics to the song Maria Magenta:
4. ^ Oslie, Pamalie. (2000.) Life Colors: What the Colors in Your Aura Reveal New World Library , Novato, California. See magenta auras: pages 44-51.
5. ^ Magenta Foundation. Organization website.
See also
External links
- How the color magenta was discovered in 1859 through research into coal tar (aniline) dyes.
- Pictures of actual aniline dye samples in various shades of magenta.
| Pink | Carnation | Fuchsia | Magenta | Salmon Pink | Deep Pink | Hollywood Cerise | Hot Pink | Medium Pink | Shocking Pink | Cherry Blossom Pink | Coral Pink |
| French Rose | Lavender Pink | Persian Rose | Carmine Pink | Cerise Pink | Fuchsia Pink | Japanese Pink | Persian Pink | Dark Pink | Hot Magenta | Lavender Rose | Rose |
| Thulian Pink | Amaranth | Light Thulian Pink | Puce | Rose Pink | Tea Rose | Amaranth Pink | Brink Pink | Cerise | Deep Carmine Pink | Ultra Pink | |
In cryptography, the key size (alternatively key length) is the size of the digits used to create an encrypted text; it is therefore also a measure of the number of possible keys which can be used in a cipher, and the number of keys which must be tested to 'break' the
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block size. Both the input (plaintext) and output (ciphertext) are the same length; the output cannot be shorter than the input — this is logically required by the Pigeonhole principle and the fact that the cipher must be invertible — and it is simply undesirable for
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In cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a block cipher with a symmetric structure, named after IBM cryptographer Horst Feistel; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network. A large proportion of block ciphers use the scheme, including the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
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Cryptography (or cryptology; derived from Greek κρυπτός kryptós "hidden," and the verb γράφω gráfo "write" or λεγειν legein
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Symmetric-key algorithms are a class of algorithms for cryptography that use trivially related, often identical, cryptographic keys for both decryption and encryption.
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block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation. When encrypting, a block cipher might take a (for example) 128-bit block of plaintext as input, and output a corresponding 128-bit block
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Deutsche Telekom AG
Public (ISIN: DE0005557508 , FWB: DTE , NYSE: DT , LSE: DEU , TYO: 9496 )
Founded 1996
Headquarters Bonn, Germany
Key people René Obermann, Chairman & CEO
Products Fixed telephone
Mobile telephone
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Public (ISIN: DE0005557508 , FWB: DTE , NYSE: DT , LSE: DEU , TYO: 9496 )
Founded 1996
Headquarters Bonn, Germany
Key people René Obermann, Chairman & CEO
Products Fixed telephone
Mobile telephone
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Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations, such as NATO, laser, and IBM, that are formed using the initial letters of words or word parts in a phrase or name.
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Algorithms: 3-Way | AES | Akelarre | Anubis | ARIA | BaseKing | Blowfish | C2 | Camellia | CAST-128 | CAST-256 | CIKS-1 | CIPHERUNICORN-A | CIPHERUNICORN-E | CMEA | Cobra | COCONUT98 | Crab | CRYPTON | CS-Cipher | DEAL | DES | DES-X | DFC | E2 | FEAL | FROG | G-DES | GOST | Grand
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Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analıein, "to loosen" or "to untie") is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so.
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block size. Both the input (plaintext) and output (ciphertext) are the same length; the output cannot be shorter than the input — this is logically required by the Pigeonhole principle and the fact that the cipher must be invertible — and it is simply undesirable for
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BIT is an acronym for:
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- Bannari amman Institute of Technology
- Bangalore Institute of Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Benzisothiazolinone
- Bilateral Investment Treaty
- Bhilai Institute of Technology - Durg
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In cryptography, the key size (alternatively key length) is the size of the digits used to create an encrypted text; it is therefore also a measure of the number of possible keys which can be used in a cipher, and the number of keys which must be tested to 'break' the
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In cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a block cipher with a symmetric structure, named after IBM cryptographer Horst Feistel; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network. A large proportion of block ciphers use the scheme, including the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
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Eli Biham is an Israeli cryptographer and cryptanalyst, currently a professor at the Technion Israeli Institute of Technology Computer Science department. Biham received his Ph.D. for inventing (publicly) differential cryptanalysis, while working under Adi Shamir.
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Alex Biryukov is a cryptographer, currently an assistant professor at the University of Luxembourg. His notable work includes the design of the stream cipher LEX, as well as the cryptanalysis of numerous cryptographic primitives.
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Niels Ferguson is a Dutch cryptographic engineer and consultant who currently works for Microsoft. He has worked with others, including Bruce Schneier, designing cryptographic algorithms, testing algorithms and protocols, and writing papers and books.
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Lars Ramkilde Knudsen (born February 21, 1962) is a Danish researcher in cryptography, particularly interested in the design and analysis of block ciphers, hash functions and message authentication codes (MACs).
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Bruce Schneier
Born 15 January 1963
Residence U.S.
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Born 15 January 1963
Residence U.S.
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Adi Shamir
At the CRYPTO 2003 conference
Born 1952
Tel Aviv, Israel
Field Cryptography
Institutions Weizmann Institute
Known for RSA
Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme
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At the CRYPTO 2003 conference
Born 1952
Tel Aviv, Israel
Field Cryptography
Institutions Weizmann Institute
Known for RSA
Feige-Fiat-Shamir Identification Scheme
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block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation. When encrypting, a block cipher might take a (for example) 128-bit block of plaintext as input, and output a corresponding 128-bit block
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3-Way
General
Joan Daemen
1994
NOEKEON
BaseKing
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 96 bits
Block size(s):| 96 bits
Substitution-permutation network
11
Best public cryptanalysis|-| colspan=2 | related-key attack
In cryptography,
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General
Joan Daemen
1994
NOEKEON
BaseKing
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 96 bits
Block size(s):| 96 bits
Substitution-permutation network
11
Best public cryptanalysis|-| colspan=2 | related-key attack
In cryptography,
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AES
General
Vincent Rijmen, Joan Daemen
1998
Square
Anubis, Grand Cru
AES winner, CRYPTREC, NESSIE
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128, 192 or 256 bits[1]
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The SubBytes step, one of four stages in a round of AES
General
Vincent Rijmen, Joan Daemen
1998
Square
Anubis, Grand Cru
AES winner, CRYPTREC, NESSIE
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128, 192 or 256 bits[1]
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Akelarre
General
G. Álvarez, D. de la Guía, F. Montoya, A. Peinado
1996
IDEA, RC5
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128 bits
Block size(s):| 128 bits
Substitution-permutation network
4
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General
G. Álvarez, D. de la Guía, F. Montoya, A. Peinado
1996
IDEA, RC5
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128 bits
Block size(s):| 128 bits
Substitution-permutation network
4
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Anubis
General
Vincent Rijmen and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto
2000
Rijndael
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128 to 320 bits in steps of 32 bits
Block size(s):| 128 bits
substitution-permutation network
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General
Vincent Rijmen and Paulo S. L. M. Barreto
2000
Rijndael
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128 to 320 bits in steps of 32 bits
Block size(s):| 128 bits
substitution-permutation network
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ARIA
General
2003
AES
South Korean standard
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128, 192, or 256 bits
Block size(s):| 128 bits
Substitution-permutation network
12, 14, or 16
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General
2003
AES
South Korean standard
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 128, 192, or 256 bits
Block size(s):| 128 bits
Substitution-permutation network
12, 14, or 16
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BaseKing
General
Joan Daemen
1994
NOEKEON
3-Way
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 192 bits
Block size(s):| 192 bits
Substitution-permutation network
11
Best public cryptanalysis|-| colspan=2 | related-key attack, power analysis
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General
Joan Daemen
1994
NOEKEON
3-Way
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 192 bits
Block size(s):| 192 bits
Substitution-permutation network
11
Best public cryptanalysis|-| colspan=2 | related-key attack, power analysis
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Blowfish
General
Bruce Schneier
1993
Twofish
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 32-448 bits in steps of 8 bits; default 128 bits
Block size(s):| 64 bits
Feistel network
16
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The round function (Feistel function) of Blowfish
General
Bruce Schneier
1993
Twofish
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 32-448 bits in steps of 8 bits; default 128 bits
Block size(s):| 64 bits
Feistel network
16
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Cryptomeria cipher
General
4C Entity
2003
DES
CSS
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 56 bits
Block size(s):| 64 bits
Feistel network
10
The
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The Feistel function of the Cryptomeria cipher algorithm.
General
4C Entity
2003
DES
CSS
Cipher detail
Key size(s):| 56 bits
Block size(s):| 64 bits
Feistel network
10
The
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