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Information about Lower Extremity Of Humerus

Bone: Lower extremity of humerus
Left humerus. Anterior view.
subject #51 212
The lower extremity of the humerus is flattened from before backward, and curved slightly forward; it ends below in a broad, articular surface, which is divided into two parts by a slight ridge.

Projecting on either side are the lateral and medial epicondyles.

Articular surface

The articular surface extends a little lower than the epicondyles, and is curved slightly forward; its medial extremity occupies a lower level than the lateral.

The lateral portion of this surface consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus; it articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.

On the medial side of this eminence is a shallow groove, in which is received the medial margin of the head of the radius.

Above the front part of the capitulum is a slight depression, the radial fossa, which receives the anterior border of the head of the radius, when the forearm is flexed.

Borders

The medial portion of the articular surface is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity.
  • The lateral border separates it from the groove which articulates with the margin of the head of the radius.
  • The medial border is thicker, of greater length, and consequently more prominent, than the lateral.
The grooved portion of the articular surface fits accurately within the semilunar notch of the ulna; it is broader and deeper on the posterior than on the anterior aspect of the bone, and is inclined obliquely downward and forward toward the medial side.

Fossae

Above the front part of the trochlea is a small depression, the coronoid fossa, which receives the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the forearm.

Above the back part of the trochlea is a deep triangular depression, the olecranon fossa, in which the summit of the olecranon is received in extension of the forearm.

These fossæ are separated from one another by a thin, transparent lamina of bone, which is sometimes perforated by a supratrochlear foramen; they are lined in the fresh state by the synovial membrane of the elbow-joint, and their margins afford attachment to the anterior and posterior ligaments of this articulation.

Condyles

  • The lateral epicondyle is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the Supinator and some of the Extensor muscles.
  • The medial epicondyle, larger and more prominent than the lateral, is directed a little backward; it gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm; the ulnar nerve runs in a groove on the back of this epicondyle.
The epicondyles are continuous above with the supracondylar ridges.

Additional images


Left humerus. Posterior view.

Left elbow-joint, showing anterior and ulnar collateral ligaments.

Capsule of elbow-joint (distended). Posterior aspect.




This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
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Bones of upper limbs
Pectoral girdle, clavicleconoid tubercle - trapezoid line - costal tuberosity - subclavian groove
Scapulaspine of scapula - suprascapular notch - acromion - glenoid cavity - glenoidal labrum - coracoid process - fossae (subscapular, supraspinatous, infraspinatous) - borders (superior, lateral/axillary, medial/vertebral) - angles (superior, inferior, lateral) - tubercles (infraglenoid, supraglenoid)
Humerusupper extremity - necks (anatomical, surgical) - tubercles (greater, lesser) - intertubercular groove - body - radial sulcus - deltoid tuberosity
lower extremity - capitulum - trochlea - epicondyles (lateral, medial) - supracondylar ridges (lateral, medial) - fossae (radial, coronoid, olecranon)
Forearmulna: upper extremity (olecranon, coronoid process, tuberosity, radial notch, semilunar notch) - body of ulna - lower extremity (styloid process)
radius: upper extremity (tuberosity) - body - lower extremity (ulnar notch, styloid process)
Handcarpus: scaphoid - lunate - triquetral - pisiform - trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate (hamulus) - metacarpus: 1st metacarpal - 2nd - 3rd - 4th - 5th - phalanges of the hand
The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
  • Upper extremity of humerus
  • Body of humerus

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The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
  • Upper extremity of humerus
  • Body of humerus

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Epicondyle can refer to:
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Lateral epicondyle

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The upper extremity of the radius (or proximal extremity) presents a head, neck, and tuberosity.
  • The radial head has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus.

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The term Capitulum can refer to several things:
  • In botany, a type of flower head where the bracts are located under the basis, such as a Daisy's
  • In anatomy, the Capitulum of the humerus
  • The Latin word for a Chapter

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Above the front part of the capitulum is a slight depression, the radial fossa, which receives the anterior border of the head of the radius, when the forearm is flexed.

External links

  • Anatomy at PSU skel/humeruslow2

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Trochlea (Latin for pulley) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a grooved structure reminiscent of a pulley's wheel.

Most commonly, trochleae bear the articular surface of saddle and other joints:
  • Trochlea of humerus
  • Trochlear process of the Calcaneus

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The semilunar notch of the ulna (trochlear notch of ulna, greater sigmoid cavity) is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus.
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The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. On a skeleton, it fits between the scapula and the ulna. It consists of the following three sections:
  • Upper extremity of humerus
  • Body of humerus

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The Coronoid process (from Greek korone, "like a crow's beak") can refer to:
  • The coronoid process of the mandible, part of the ramus mandibulae of the mandible
  • The coronoid process of the ulna

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flexion is a position that is made possible by the joint angle decreasing. The skeletal (bones, cartilage, and ligaments) and muscular (muscles and tendons) systems work together to move the joint into a "flexed" position.
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Above the back part of the trochlea of the humerus is a deep triangular depression, the olecranon fossa, in which the summit of the olecranon is received in extension of the forearm.
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The olecranon is a large, thick, curved eminence, situated at the upper and back part of the ulna.

It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the olecranon fossa of the humerus in extension of the forearm.
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Extension is a movement of a joint. For example, extension is produced by extending the flexed elbow. The arm is now straight; it has been extended. If the head is tilted all the way back, it is said to be extended.

The movement in the opposite directions is called flexion.
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The supratrochlear foramen is a small hole located above the trochlea of the humerus of larger dog species. It is covered by a layer of connective tissue.

It is not currently recognized with a Terminologia Anatomica name in human anatomy,[1]
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elbow-joint is a ginglymus or hinge joint. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm.

The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna.
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Lateral epicondyle can refer to:
  • Lateral epicondyle of the humerus (dorsal epicondyle in birds)
  • Lateral epicondyle of the femur

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The Supinator is a broad muscle, curved around the upper third of the radius.

Origin and insertion

It consists of two planes of fibers, between which the deep branch of the radial nerve lies.
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Medial epicondyle can refer to:
  • Medial epicondyle of the humerus (ventral epicondyle in birds)
  • Medial epicondyle of the femur

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The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces downward).

Structure

The pronator teres has two heads--humeral and ulnar.
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Supracondylar ridges can refer to:
  • Lateral supracondylar ridge
  • Medial supracondylar ridge

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Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
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Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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In human anatomy, the upper limb (also upper extremity) refers to what in common English is known as the arm, that is, the region of the shoulder to the fingertips. It includes the entire limb, and thus, is not synonymous with the term upper arm.
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The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g.
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Collarbone and collar bone redirect here. The eye abnormality is correctly spelled coloboma.
This article uses some professional terms to describe relative positions and directions.

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conoid tubercle (or coracoid tuberosity); this, in the natural position of the bone, surmounts the coracoid process of the scapula, and gives attachment to the conoid ligament.
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From the coracoid tuberosity an oblique ridge, the trapezoid line (or trapezoid ridge, or oblique), runs forward and lateralward, and afford attachment to the trapezoid ligament.
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On the medial part of the clavicle is a broad rough surface, the costal tuberosity (impression for costoclavicular ligament), rather more than 2 cm. in length, for the attachment of the costoclavicular ligament.
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