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Information about Liquid Air

For the substance, see Liquid air


Liquid Air was the brand name of an unusual automobile produced by a joint American/English concern between 1899 and 1902.

The first factory opened in Boston, Massachusetts in 1899, and its owners claimed that they could construct a car that would run a hundred miles on liquid air. By 1901 the company had gone into receivership. In 1902 the product was demonstrated by its designer, Hans Knudsen, at a show in London; apparently the automobile that was shown was a modified Locomobile steamer. Here it was claimed to run 40 miles at 12 mph on 18 gallons of liquid air, sold at a shilling a gallon.

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For the automobile, see Liquid Air


Liquid air is air that has been liquified by compression and cooled to very low temperatures. It must be kept in a Dewar flask at room temperature. Liquid air can absorb heat rapidly and revert to its gaseous state. It is often used for freezing other substances, and as a source of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and other inert gases.

Properties

Liquified air has a density of approximately 870 kg/m3, though the density may vary depending on the elemental composition of the air. Since gaseous air has 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, the density of liquid air at standard composition is calculated by the decimal percentage of the components by their respective liquid densities. See liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen. Freezing Point: -216.7°C Boiling Point: -194.35°C

Manufacture of liquid air

The most common process for the preparation of liquid air is Carl von Linde's two-column Linde cycle using the Joule-Thomson effect. Air is fed at high pressure >60 psig (520 kPa) into the lower column, in which it is separated into pure nitrogen and oxygen-rich liquid. The rich liquid and some of the nitrogen are fed as reflux into the upper column, which operates at low pressure <10 psig (170 kPa), where the final separation into pure nitrogen and oxygen occurs. A raw argon product can be removed from the middle of the upper column for further purification.[1]

References

automobile (from Greek auto, self and Latin mobile moving, a vehicle that moves itself rather than being moved by another vehicle or animal) or motor car (usually shortened to just car) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor.
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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Motto
Dieu et mon droit   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Boston, Massachusetts

Flag
Seal
Nickname: Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe), The Cradle of Liberty, City on the Hill, Athens of America
Location in Suffolk County in Massachusetts, USA
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London
Canary Wharf is the centre of London's modern office towers
London shown within England
Coordinates:
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent country England
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Locomobile was a company that produced automobiles in the United States of America from 1899 to 1929.

History

The Locomobile Company of America was founded in 1899, the name coined from locomotive and automobile. John B.
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shilling is a unit of currency in current and former use in many countries. The word is thought to derive from the base skell-, "to ring/resound", and the diminutive suffix -ing.
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There are three definitions in current use:
  • U.S. liquid gallon is legally defined as 231 cubic inches, and is equal to 3.785411784 litres (exactly) or about 0.13368 cubic foot. This is the most common definition of a gallon in the USA. The U.S.

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Air or Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth.

Air may also refer to:
  • Air (1977 video game), an air combat based mainframe computer game
  • Air (band), a French electronic music duo

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In physics, to liquefy or liquify means to turn something into the liquid state.

Liquification can be a change from a gas to a liquid through condensation, usually by cooling, or a change from a solid to a liquid through melting, usually by heating or by
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Physical compression is the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress, resulting in reduction of volume. The opposite of compression is tension.

Explanation


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vacuum flask is a vessel which keeps its contents hotter or cooler than their environment by interposing an evacuated region to provide thermal insulation between the contents and the environment.
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Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain temperature within enclosed space at which human beings are accustomed.
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3, 5, 4, 2
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 3.04 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1402.3 kJmol−1
2nd: 2856 kJmol−1
3rd: 4578.1 kJmol−1

Atomic radius 65 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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2, −1
(neutral oxide)
Electronegativity 3.44 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1313.9 kJmol−1
2nd: 3388.3 kJmol−1
3rd: 5300.5 kJmol−1

Atomic radius 60 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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Argon (IPA:/ˈɑːgɒn/) is a chemical element designated by the symbol Ar. Argon has atomic number 18 and is the third element in group 18 of the periodic table (noble gases).
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inert gas is any gas that is not reactive under normal circumstances. Unlike the noble gases an inert gas is not necessarily elemental and are often molecular gases. Like the noble gases the tendency for non-reactivity is due to the valence, the outermost electron shell, being
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Liquid nitrogen (liquid density at the triple point is 0.807 g/mL) is the liquid produced industrially in large quantities by fractional distillation of liquid air and is often referred to by the abbreviation, LN2. It is pure nitrogen, in a liquid state.
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Liquid oxygen (also LOx, LOX or Lox in the aerospace, submarine and gas industry) is the liquid form of oxygen. It has a pale blue color and is strongly paramagnetic. Liquid oxygen has a density of 1.141 g/cm³ (1.
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Professor Doctor Carl Paul Gottfried von Linde (11 June, 1842 in Berndorf (Oberfranken) - 16 November 1934 in Munich) was a German engineer who developed refrigeration and gas separation technologies.
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In physics, the Joule-Thomson effect, or Joule-Kelvin effect, is a process in which the temperature of an ideal gas does not change, but the temperature of a real gas is either decreased or increased by letting the gas expand freely at constant enthalpy (which means that no
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pound per square inch or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: psi or lbf/sq in) is a unit of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units.
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Liquid is one of the four principal states of matter. A liquid is a fluid that can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of its bulk material.

Characteristics

A liquid's shape is determined by, not confined to, the container it fills.
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