Information about Light Fixture
This article is about architectural light fixtures. For stage lighting, see Stage lighting instrument.
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A chandelier light fixture
A light fixture or luminaire is an electrical device used to create artificial light or illumination. A complete lighting fixture unit consists of the light source or lamp, the reflector for directing the light, an aperture (with or without a lens), the outer shell or housing for lamp alignment and protection, an electrical ballast, if required, and connection to a power source. A wide variety of special light fixtures are created for use in the automotive industry, aerospace, marine and medicine.
Light fixtures are classified by how the fixture is installed, the light function or lamp type.
Fixture types
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Tiffany dragonfly lamp with pigeon sculptures
- Free-standing or portable — table lamps and office task lights (note that the colloquial use of "lamp" to refer to a portable luminaire conflicts with the more technical usage of lamp.)
- Recessed light — the protective housing is concealed behind a ceiling or wall, leaving only the fixture itself exposed. The ceiling-mounted version is often called a "downlight".
- "Cans" with a variety of lamps — this term is jargon for inexpensive downlighting products that are recessed into the ceiling. The name comes from the shape of the housing.
- Troffer light — recessed fluorescent lights (the word comes from the combination of trough & coffer)
- Surface-mounted light — the finished housing is exposed; not "flush" with surface
- Chandelier
- Pendant light — suspended from the ceiling with a chain or pipe
- Sconce — provide up or down lights; can be used to illuminate artwork, architectural details; commonly used in hallways and/or as an alternative to overhead lighting.
- Indirect lighting — light reflects off the ceiling for general illumination
- Cove light — recessed into the ceiling in a long box against a wall
- Track light fixture — individual fixtures (track "heads") can be positioned anywhere along the track, which provides electric power.
- Under-cabinet light — mounted below kitchen wall cabinets
- Outdoor lighting — used to illuminate walkways, parking lots, roadways, building exteriors, landscape and architectural details.
- Pole or stanchion mounted — for landscape, roadways, and parking lots
- Pathway lighting — typically mounted in the ground at low levels for illuminating walkways
- Bollards — A type of architectural outdoor lighting that is a short, upright ground-mounted unit typically used to provide cutoff type illumination for egress lighting, to light walkways, steps, or other pathways
- High bay/Low bay lighting — typically used for general lighting for industrial buildings
- Strip lights or industrial lights — often long lines of fluorescent lamps used in a warehouse or factory
- Emergency lighting or Exit light — connected to a battery or to an electric circuit that has backup power if the main power fails
- Balanced arm lamp is a spot light with an adjustable arm like anglepoise and Luxo L1.
Light fixture functions
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A Solar powered garden lamp is an example of landscape lighting
- Accent light
- Background light
- Blacklight
- Downlight
- Emergency light
- Flood light
- Safelight
- Safety lamp
- Sconce
- Searchlight
- Security lighting
- Step light
- Street light
- Strobe light
- Spotlight
- Torch lamp or torchiere
- Landscape or outdoor lighting
- Nightlight
- Wallwasher
Lamp types
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- Fuel lamps
- Betty lamp, butter lamp, carbide lamp, gas lighting, kerosene lamp, oil lamp, rush light, torch, candle
- A-lamp, Parabolic reflector lamp (PAR), Reflector lamp (R), Bulged reflector lamp (BR) (Refer to lamp bases)
- *Obsolete types: Limelight, Carbon button lamp, Mazda (light bulb), Nernst glower
- *Novelty: Blacklight, Lava lamp
- *Special purpose: Heat lamp, Nernst lamp, HQI
- Halogen - special class of incandescent lamps
- Gas discharge lamp and High-Intensity Discharge lamp (HID)
- Mercury-vapor lamp, Ceramic discharge metal halide lamp, Metal-halide, Sodium vapor or "high pressure sodium", HMI
- Fluorescent
- Fiber optics
- Induction lamp
- Light-Emitting Diode (LED) (Solid state lighting)
- Nuclear: Self-powered lighting
Light fixture controls
See also
- Architectural lighting design
- History of street lighting in the United States
- Lighting designer for the theater
- List of light sources
- Luminous efficacy
- Timeline of lighting technology
| Lighting and Lamps | ||
|---|---|---|
| Incandescent: | Conventional - Halogen - Parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR) | ){kind=spacer} |
| Fluorescent: | Compact fluorescent (CFL) - Linear fluorescent - Induction lamp | |
| Gas discharge: | High-intensity discharge (HID) - Mercury-vapor - Metal-halide - Neon - Sodium vapor | |
| Electric arc: | Arc lamp - HMI - Xenon arc - Yablochkov candle | |
| Combustion: | Acetylene/Carbide - Candle - Gas lighting - Kerosene lamp - Limelight - Oil lamp - Safety lamp | |
| Other types: | Sulfur lamp - Light-emitting diode (LED) - Fiber optics - Plasma | |
Stage lighting instruments are used in stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions, rock concerts and other performances taking place in live performance venues. They are also used to light television studios and sound stages.
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lamp, in technical usage, is a replaceable component such as an incandescent light bulb, which is designed to produce light from electricity. These components usually have a ceramic or metal base, which makes an electrical connection in the socket of a light fixture.
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lens (or lense) is an optical device with perfect or approximate axial symmetry which transmits and refracts light, concentrating or diverging the beam. A simple lens is a lens consisting of a single optical element.
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electrical ballast (sometimes called control gear) is a device intended to limit the amount of current flowing in an electric circuit.
Ballasts vary greatly in complexity. They can be as simple as a series resistor as commonly used with small neon lamps.
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Ballasts vary greatly in complexity. They can be as simple as a series resistor as commonly used with small neon lamps.
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lamp, in technical usage, is a replaceable component such as an incandescent light bulb, which is designed to produce light from electricity. These components usually have a ceramic or metal base, which makes an electrical connection in the socket of a light fixture.
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A recessed light or downlight (also pot light in Canadian English, sometimes can light [for canister light] in American English) is a light fixture that is installed into a hollow opening in a ceiling.
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chandelier is a ceiling-mounted fixture with two or more arms bearing lights. Modern chandeliers are often very ornate, containing dozens of lamps and complex arrays of glass shapes to illuminate the room in many intricate patterns.
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A pendant light, sometimes called a drop or suspender, is a lone light fixture that hangs from the ceiling usually suspended by a cord, chain, or metal rod. Pendant lights are often used in multiples, hung in a straight line over kitchen countertops and dinette sets or sometimes in
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sconce is a type of light fixture affixed to a wall in such a way that it uses only the wall for support, and the light is usually directed upwards. It does not have a base on the ground.
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A stanchion is an upright bar or post, often providing support for some other object. Some specific uses:
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- An architectural term applied to the upright iron bars in windows that pass through the eyes of the saddle bars or horizontal irons to steady the leadlight.
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A bollard is a short vertical post typically found where large ships dock. While originally it only meant a post [1] used on a quay for mooring, the word now also describes a variety of structures to control or direct road traffic.
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An emergency light is a battery-backed lighting device that comes on automatically when a building experiences a power outage or in the event of fire. Emergency lights are standard in new commercial and high occupancy residential buildings, such as college dormitories.
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balanced-arm lamp is a lamp with an adjustable folding arm which is constructed so that the force due to gravity is always counteracted, regardless of the position of the arms of the lamp.
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The Anglepoise lamp was designed in 1933 by the British designer George Carwardine.
Carwardine was a motor car designer who applied his engineering skill to build a lamp which mimicked the joints of the human arm.
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Carwardine was a motor car designer who applied his engineering skill to build a lamp which mimicked the joints of the human arm.
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The company's founder, Jac Jacobsen, stands out among visionary Norwegian industrial pioneers. He laid the basis for a company which today manufactures lighting solutions in three countries and has sales units throughout Europe, the USA and Canada.
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background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set. The background light will also provide separation between the subject and the background. In the standard 4-point lighting setup, the background light is placed last and is usually placed directly behind the
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Black light (also Wood's light) is the common name for a lamp emitting electromagnetic radiation that is almost exclusively in the soft near ultraviolet range, and very little visible light.
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A recessed light or downlight (also pot light in Canadian English, sometimes can light [for canister light] in American English) is a light fixture that is installed into a hollow opening in a ceiling.
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An emergency light is a battery-backed lighting device that comes on automatically when a building experiences a power outage or in the event of fire. Emergency lights are standard in new commercial and high occupancy residential buildings, such as college dormitories.
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High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps include these types of electrical lamps: mercury vapor, metal halide (also HQI), high-pressure sodium (Son), low-pressure sodium (Sox) and less common, xenon short-arc lamps.
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Safelight is light used in a photographic darkroom and is designed to provide illumination without that part of the light spectrum to which the material in use is sensitive.
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safety lamp is any of several types of lamp, which are designed to be safe to use in coal mines. These lamps are designed to operate in air that may contain coal dust, methane, or firedamp, all of which are potentially flammable or explosive[1][2].
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sconce is a type of light fixture affixed to a wall in such a way that it uses only the wall for support, and the light is usually directed upwards. It does not have a base on the ground.
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searchlight is an apparatus with reflectors for projecting a powerful beam of light of approximately parallel rays in a particular direction, usually devised so that it can be swiveled about.
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In the field of physical security, security lighting is often used as a preventative and corrective measure against intrusions or other criminal activity on a physical piece of property.
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Street Light (Photographic Collection) is a massive photographic documentation of Sydney, Australia after dark. The project was started in 1986 by Australian photographer Robert James Wallace. The series has presented an intriguing view of a city in slumber.
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strobe light or stroboscopic lamp, commonly called a strobe, is a device used to produce regular flashes of light. It is one of a number of devices that can be used as a stroboscope.
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Spotlight can refer to at least three types of lighting:
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- a searchlight;
- stage lighting used in theatre to focus an audience's attention on a performer or event, known as a Followspot;
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A torchiere is a lamp with a tall stand of wood or metal. Originally, torchieres were candelabra, usually with two or three lights. When it was first introduced in France towards the end of the 17th century the torchiere mounted one candle only, and when the number was doubled or
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A nightlight is a small light source, usually electrical, placed for comfort or convenience in indoor dark areas or areas that become dark at certain times.
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Use and culture
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