Information about Jail
Jail, or gaol (especially in Australia), or remand prison, is a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government. This includes either accused persons awaiting trial or for those who have been convicted of a crime and are serving a sentence of less than one year.[1][2] Jails are generally small penitentiaries run by individual counties and cities,[2] though some jails in larger communities may be as large and hold as many inmates as regular prisons. "Jail" is also a synonym for "prison" in some countries (excluding the United States), especially when the facility is of a similar size as a correctional facility. As with prisons, some jails have different wings for certain types of offenders, and have work programs for inmates who demonstrate good behavior.
As of 2005, local jails held or supervised 819,434 offenders. Nine percent of these offenders were in programs such as community service, work release, weekend reporting, electronic monitoring, and other alternative programs.[2]
In the United States, as compared to regular 'mainline' state and federal prisons, in which prisoners have already been investigated and classified by corrections personnel before being assigned to a level of security and in which many of the prisoners are committed for longer periods of time, jails usually house many prisoners with varying or unknown histories and propensities for violence or disciplinary problems. As a result, many jails operate their booking and receiving units at a relatively high level of correctional security, and also witness a disproportionately large amount of violence and disciplinary problems as compared to mainline facilities.
The Oxford English Dictionary states that gaol comes from the Norman French spelling gaiole down to the 17th century as gaile. It remains in written form in the archaic spelling gaol mainly through statutory and official tradition. The only remaining spoken pronunciation is jail (IPA: /dʒeɪl/), from the Old Parisian French word jaiole. In modern French, the word geôle is still used in literary contexts to refer to jail.
From the 16th until the 18th centuries the word goal(e) was used widely, possibly as an erroneous spelling of gaol, or possibly a phonetic spelling.[4]
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Resocialization
Resocialization is a sociological concept dealing with the process of mentally and emotionally "re-training" a person so that he or she can operate in an environment other than that which he or she is accustomed to. Resocialization into a total institution involves a complete change of personality. Key examples include the process of resocializing new recruits into the military so that they can operate as soldiers (or, in other words, as members of a cohesive unit) and the reverse process, in which those who have become accustomed to such roles return to society after military discharge.United States
Jails in the United States are different from prisons. Jails are typically operated by city or county governments, and house prisoners who are being detained before trial or serving sentences less than one year. Approximately half of the U.S. jail population consists of pretrial detainees who have not been convicted or sentenced. Prisoners serving terms longer than one year are typically housed in correctional facilities operated by state governments. Unlike most state prisons, a jail usually houses both men and women who in separate portions of the same facility. Some jails lease space to house inmates from the federal government, state prisons or from other counties for profit.As of 2005, local jails held or supervised 819,434 offenders. Nine percent of these offenders were in programs such as community service, work release, weekend reporting, electronic monitoring, and other alternative programs.[2]
In the United States, as compared to regular 'mainline' state and federal prisons, in which prisoners have already been investigated and classified by corrections personnel before being assigned to a level of security and in which many of the prisoners are committed for longer periods of time, jails usually house many prisoners with varying or unknown histories and propensities for violence or disciplinary problems. As a result, many jails operate their booking and receiving units at a relatively high level of correctional security, and also witness a disproportionately large amount of violence and disciplinary problems as compared to mainline facilities.
Gaol
Gaol is an early Modern English spelling for jail, with the same pronunciation and meaning of a place of legal detention. Although jail is now more common, gaol is still the favoured spelling in parts of the British Commonwealth, for example in Australia.[3] However, in Australia, the spelling "jail" is now preferred in popular contexts such as the media, the spelling "gaol" being mainly retained in historical use and in the legal profession. Canada, also a part of the British Commonwealth, has made a similar transition in usage.The Oxford English Dictionary states that gaol comes from the Norman French spelling gaiole down to the 17th century as gaile. It remains in written form in the archaic spelling gaol mainly through statutory and official tradition. The only remaining spoken pronunciation is jail (IPA: /dʒeɪl/), from the Old Parisian French word jaiole. In modern French, the word geôle is still used in literary contexts to refer to jail.
From the 16th until the 18th centuries the word goal(e) was used widely, possibly as an erroneous spelling of gaol, or possibly a phonetic spelling.[4]
References
1. ^ Glossary of Terms Commonly Used in Court. The Office of the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia (2003-12-16). Retrieved on 2007-04-21.
2. ^ Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2005. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
3. ^ Old Melbourne Gaol, Australia
4. ^ OED
2. ^ Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2005. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
3. ^ Old Melbourne Gaol, Australia
4. ^ OED
Anthem
Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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Advance Australia Fair [1]
Capital Canberra
Largest city Sydney
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Remand is a legal term which has two related but distinct usages. Its etymology is from the Latin re- and mandare, literally "to order." It evolved in Late Latin to remandare, or "to send back word.
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prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of personal freedoms.
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The word crime comes from the Latin crimen (genitive criminis), from the Latin root cernō and Greek κρινω = "I judge". Originally it meant "charge (in law), guilt, accusation.
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City is primarily used to designate an urban settlement with a large population. However, city may also indicate a special administrative, legal, or historical status.
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Sociology (from Latin: socitus, "companion"; and the suffix -ology, "the study of", from Greek λόγος, lógos, "knowledge") is the systematic and scientific study of society and societal behavior.
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Military has two broad meanings. In its first sense, it refers to soldiers and soldiering. In its second sense, it refers to armed forces as a whole. Over the years, military units have come in all shapes and sizes.
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Resocialization is a sociological concept dealing with the process of mentally and emotionally "re-training" a person so that he or she can operate in an environment other than that which he or she is accustomed to.
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Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of personal freedoms.
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Community service refers to service that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community. People become involved in community service for a range of reasons — for some, serving community is an altruistic act, for others it is a punishment or even sometimes
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In prison systems, work release programs allow a prisoner who is sufficiently trusted or can be sufficiently monitored leave confinement to continue working at his or her current place of employment, returning to prison when his/her shift is complete.
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Electronic tagging is a form of non-surreptitious surveillance consisting of an electronic device attached to a person or vehicle, especially certain criminals, allowing their whereabouts to be monitored.
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Early Modern English}}}
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: —
ISO 639-3: — Early Modern English refers to the stage of the English language used from about the end of the Middle English period (the latter half of the 15th
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ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: —
ISO 639-3: — Early Modern English refers to the stage of the English language used from about the end of the Middle English period (the latter half of the 15th
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The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most comprehensive dictionary of the English language.
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Normans were a people from medieval northern France, deriving to a large extent their aristocratic origins from Scandinavia (the name is adapted from the name "Northmen" or "Norsemen").
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Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The International
Phonetic Alphabet
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Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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