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Information about Isogloss

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Isoglosses on the Faroe Islands
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High German subdivides into Upper German (green) and Central German (blue), and is distinguished from Low Franconian and Low German (yellow). The main isoglosses, the Benrath and Speyer lines are marked in black.


An isogloss is the geographical boundary of a certain linguistic feature, e.g. the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature. Major dialects are typically demarcated by whole bundles of isoglosses, e.g. the Benrath line that distinguishes High German from the other West Germanic languages; or the La Spezia-Rimini Line which divides the eastern Romance languages from the western ones. Undoubtedly, the largest well-known isogloss is the Centum-Satem isogloss, which traditionally separates the Indo-European languages into two distinct categories.

A major isogloss in American English is the North-Midland isogloss, which demarcates numerous linguistic features, including the Northern Cities vowel shift: regions north of the line (including western New York; Cleveland, Ohio; lower Michigan; northern Illinois; and eastern Wisconsin) are subject to the shift and regions south of the line (including Pennsylvania, central and southern Ohio, and most of Indiana) are not.

The name is inspired by contour lines or isopleths such as isobar, etc.; however, the isogloss separates rather than connects points of equal language (perhaps one could say it connects points of indefinite language).

See also

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For the journal, see .
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist.
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vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the
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For dialects of programming languages, see .


A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers.
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In German linguistics, the Benrath line (German: Benrather Linie) is the maken-machen isogloss. It is traditionally used to distinguish the High German varieties from the other West Germanic languages.
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The High German languages are a subdivision of the West Germanic Languages     
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West Germanic languages constitute the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages and include languages such as German, Yiddish, English and Frisian, as well as Dutch and Afrikaans. The other branches of the Germanic languages are the North and East Germanic languages.
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Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
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Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family that comprisies all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire.
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Centum-Satem division is an isogloss of the Indo-European language family, related to the evolution of the three dorsal consonant rows reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European, *kʷ (labiovelars), *k
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Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, the northern Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and much of Central Asia.
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The Inland North Dialect of American English was the "standard Midwestern" speech that is traditionally regarded as the basis for General American in the mid-20th Century[1], though it has been recently modified by the Northern Cities Vowel Shift.
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The North Midland English is a sub-dialect of the General American English and, in general, stretches from Nebraska to Pennsylvania.
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Northern cities vowel shift is a chain shift in the sounds of some vowels in the dialect region of American English known as the Inland North. It is called northern cities
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Western New York refers to the westernmost region of New York State. It includes the cities of Buffalo, Rochester, Niagara Falls, Lockport, Batavia, Olean, Geneva, Canandaigua, Salamanca, Dunkirk, North Tonawanda, Lackawanna, Tonawanda and Jamestown.
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Cleveland, Ohio

Flag
Seal
Nickname: The Forest City
Motto: Progress & Prosperity
Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA
Coordinates:
Country
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Lower Peninsula of Michigan is surrounded by water on all sides except its southern border, which it shares with Ohio and Indiana. Geographically, the Lower Peninsula has a recognizable shape that many people associate with a mitten.
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State of Illinois

Flag of Illinois Seal
Nickname(s): Land of Lincoln; The Prairie State
Motto(s): State sovereignty, national union

Official language(s) English[1]

Capital
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State of Wisconsin

Flag of Wisconsin Seal of Wisconsin
Nickname(s): Badger State, America's Dairyland
Motto(s): Forward

Official language(s) None

Capital Madison
Largest city
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Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Flag of Pennsylvania Seal
Nickname(s): Keystone State, Quaker State,
Coal State, Oil State
Motto(s): Virtue, Liberty and Independence

Capital Harrisburg
Largest city
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State of Ohio

Flag of Ohio Seal
Nickname(s): The Buckeye State,
"Birthplace of Aviation" "The Heart Of It All"
Motto(s): With God, all things are possible

Official language(s) English de facto
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The State of Indiana

Flag of Indiana Seal
Nickname(s): The Hoosier State

Motto(s): The Crossroads of America

Official language(s) English

Capital Indianapolis (785,597)

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contour map (topographic map) uses contour lines (often just called a "contour") to join points of equal elevation (height) and thus show valleys and hills, and the steepness of slopes.
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Isobar: a line of equal or constant pressure.

Isobront: a line drawn through geographical points at which a given phase of thunderstorm activity occurred simultaneously.

Isodop: a line of equal Doppler velocity on a radar display.
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The word isobar derives from the two ancient Greek words, ισος (isos), meaning 'equal', and βαρος (baros), meaning 'weight'.
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In German linguistics, the Benrath line (German: Benrather Linie) is the maken-machen isogloss. It is traditionally used to distinguish the High German varieties from the other West Germanic languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
Centum-Satem division is an isogloss of the Indo-European language family, related to the evolution of the three dorsal consonant rows reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European, *kʷ (labiovelars), *k
..... Click the link for more information.
For dialects of programming languages, see .


A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers.
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Dialectology is a sub-field of linguistics, the scientific study of linguistic dialect. It studies variations in language based primarily on geographic distribution and their associated features (as opposed to variations based on social factors, which are studied in
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A dialect continuum is a range of dialects spoken across a large geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as the distances become greater.
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