Information about Ionic Strength
The ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in a solution.
where cB is the concentration of ion B, zB is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution. For a 1:1 electrolyte such as sodium chloride, the ionic strength is equal to the concentration, but for MgSO4 the ionic strength is four times higher. Generally multivalent ions contribute strongly to the ionic strength.
Because in non-ideal solutions volumes are no longer strictly additive it is often preferable to work with molality rather than amount concentration. In that case, ionic strength is defined as:
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Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl.
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where cB is the concentration of ion B, zB is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution. For a 1:1 electrolyte such as sodium chloride, the ionic strength is equal to the concentration, but for MgSO4 the ionic strength is four times higher. Generally multivalent ions contribute strongly to the ionic strength.
Because in non-ideal solutions volumes are no longer strictly additive it is often preferable to work with molality rather than amount concentration. In that case, ionic strength is defined as:
Importance
The ionic strength plays a central role in the Debye-Hückel theory that describes the strong deviations from ideality typically encountered in ionic solutions. It is also important for the description of colloids. That is, the Debye length, which is the inverse of the Debye parameter -kappa-, is inversely proportional to the square root of the ionic strength. Increasing the concentration or valence of the counterions compresses the double layer and increases the potential gradient.Ionic replacement
In the study of solution reaction kinetics it is often desirable to change the concentration of an active species without changing the ionic strength, because the latter affects the value of the rate constant k. This can often be done by replacement. If, for example, the [S2O82-] is to be lowered, the solution is diluted with a solution containing the same concentration of a non-active species of equal charge e.g. SO42- rather than just solvent. This produces a solution with a lower [S2O82-] but of the same ionic strength.References
- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. "ionic strength, I". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.
In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of
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ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, making it positively or negatively charged. A negatively charged ion, which has more electrons in its electron shells than it has protons in its nuclei, is known as an anion
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This article is about chemical solutions. For other uses, see Solution (disambiguation).
In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances...... Click the link for more information.
Charge or Charged may refer to:
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- Charge (physics), the susceptibility of a body to one of the fundamental forces
- *electric charge
- *color charge
- *magnetic charge
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An electrolyte is a substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrically conductive medium. Because they generally consist of ions in solution, electrolytes are also known as ionic solutions, but molten electrolytes and solid electrolytes are also possible.
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- For sodium in the diet, see salt.
Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl.
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Magnesium sulfate (or sulphate) is a chemical compound containing magnesium and sulfate, with the formula MgSO4. It is often encountered as the heptahydrate, MgSO4·7H2O, commonly called Epsom salts.
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In chemistry, valence, also known as valency or valency number, is a measure of the number of chemical bonds formed by the atoms of a given element. Over the last century, the concept of valence evolved into a range of approaches for describing the chemical bond,
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The Debye-Hückel limiting law, named for its developers Peter Debye and Erich Hückel, provides one way to obtain activity coefficients [1]. Activities, rather than concentrations, are needed in many chemical calculations because solutions that contain ionic
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The DLVO theory is named after Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek who developed it in the 1940s.
The theory describes the force between charged surfaces interacting through a liquid medium.
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The theory describes the force between charged surfaces interacting through a liquid medium.
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Please [improve the article] or discuss this issue on the talk page. This article has been tagged since September 2007.
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Please [improve the article] or discuss this issue on the talk page. This article has been tagged since September 2007.
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The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (IPA: [aɪ ju pæk]) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1919 devoted to the advancement of chemistry.
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Compendium of Chemical Terminology (ISBN 0-86542-684-8) is a book published by IUPAC containing internationally accepted definitions for terms in chemistry. Work on the first edition was initiated by Victor Gold, hence its informal name, the Gold Book.
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