Information about Interleukin
Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes, hence the -leukin) as a means of communication (inter-). The name is something of a relic though (the term was coined by Dr. Paetkau, University of Victoria); it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of bodily cells. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency.
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 T 78.4
ICD-9 995.
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List
A list of interleukins:| Name | Source | Function |
| IL-1 | macrophages | small amounts induce acute phase reaction, large amounts induce fever. |
| IL-2 | TH1-cells | stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in immunotherapy to treat cancer or suppressed for transplant patients. |
| IL-3 | T cells | stimulates bone marrow stem cells |
| IL-4 | TH2-cells, just activated naive CD4+ cell, memory CD4+ cells | involved in proliferation of B cells and the development of T cells and mast cells. Important role in allergic response (IgE) |
| IL-5 | TH2-cells | role in differentiation of B cells, eosinophil production, and IgA production |
| IL-6 | macrophages, TH2-cells | induces acute phase reaction |
| IL-7 | stromal cells of the red marrow and thymus | involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis |
| IL-8 | macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells | Neutrophil chemotaxis |
| IL-9 | T-cells, specifically by CD4+ helper cells | stimulates mast cells |
| IL-10 | monocytes, TH2-cells, mast cells | inhibits Th1 cytokine production |
| IL-11 | bone marrow stroma | acute phase protein production |
| IL-12 | macrophages | NK cell stimulation, Th1 cells induction. May suppress food allergies |
| IL-13 | TH2-cells | Stimulates growth and differentiation of B-Cells (IgE), inhibits TH1-cells and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines |
| IL-14 | T cells and certain malignant B cells | controls the growth and proliferation of B cells |
| IL-15 | mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells) following infection by virus(es). | Induces production of Natural Killer Cells |
| IL-16 | a variety of cells (including lymphocytes and some epithelial cells) | chemoattracts immune cells expressing the cell surface molecule CD4 |
| IL-17 | - | Induces production of inflammatory cytokines |
| IL-18 | macrophages | Induces production of Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) |
| IL-19 | - | |
| IL-20 | - | regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes |
| IL-21 | - | Induces proliferation in natural killer cells (NK) and cytotoxic T cells |
| IL-22 | - | Activates STAT1 and STAT3 and increases production of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and haptoglobin in hepatoma cell lines |
| IL-23 | - | Increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration |
| IL-24 | - | Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis by influencing cell survival. |
| IL-25 | - | Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate eosinophil expansion |
| IL-26 | - | Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells |
| IL-27 | - | Regulates the activity of B lymphocyte and T lymphocytes |
| IL-28 | - | Plays a role in immune defense against viruses |
| IL-29 | - | Plays a role in host defenses against microbes |
| IL-30 | - | Forms one chain of IL-27 |
| IL-31 | - | May play a role in inflammation of the skin |
| IL-32 | - | Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-α, IL-8 and CXCL2 |
| IL-33 | - | Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokines |
Links
- HGNC Gene Family Nomenclature: Interleukin and Interleukin Receptor Gene Symbols
- Interleukin Antibody Review
Cell signaling: cytokines |
|---|
| Autocrine motility factor - Chemokine - Hematopoietic (Stem cell factor, Colony-stimulating factor) - Hepatocyte growth factor - Interferon - Interleukin - Leukemia inhibitory factor - Lymphokine (Lymphotoxin, Transfer factor) - Monokine - Oncostatin M - Osteopontin - TGF beta - Tumor necrosis factor |
Cytokines: interleukins | |
|---|---|
| IL-1 superfamily | IL-1 (IL-1Ra) - IL-18 - IL-33 |
| IL-6 like/gp130 utilizing | IL-6 - IL-11 - IL-27 - IL-30 - IL-31 |
| IL-10 family | IL-10 - IL-19 - IL-20 - IL-22 - IL-24 - IL-26 |
| Interferon type III | IL-28 - IL-29 |
| Common Gamma-c family | IL-2/IL-15 - IL-3 - IL-4 - IL-7 - IL-9 - IL-13 - IL-21 |
| Other | IL-5 - IL-8 - IL-12 - IL-14 - IL-16 - IL-17/IL-25 - IL-23 - IL-32 |
Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. These chemical signals are similar to hormones and neurotransmitters and are used to allow one cell to communicate with another.
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White blood cells or leukocytes are cells of the immune system which defend the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Several different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone
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White blood cells or leukocytes are cells of the immune system which defend the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Several different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone
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immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own healthy
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A rare disease (sometimes known as an orphan disease) has such a low prevalence in a population that a doctor in a busy general practice would not expect to see more than one case a year.
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MeSH D001327 Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts (down to the sub-molecular levels) as "self", which results in an immune response against its own cells and tissues.
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Immunodeficiency
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 D 84.9
ICD-9 279.3
DiseasesDB 21506
MeSH D007153 In medicine, immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 D 84.9
ICD-9 279.3
DiseasesDB 21506
MeSH D007153 In medicine, immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency
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Identifiers
Symbol IL1B
Alt. Symbols , IL1F2
Entrez 3553
HUGO 5992
OMIM 147720
PDB 2MIB
RefSeq NM_000576
UniProt P01584
Other data
Locus Chr. 2 q13-q21 Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the first cytokines ever described.
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Symbol IL1B
Alt. Symbols , IL1F2
Entrez 3553
HUGO 5992
OMIM 147720
PDB 2MIB
RefSeq NM_000576
UniProt P01584
Other data
Locus Chr. 2 q13-q21 Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is one of the first cytokines ever described.
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Macrophages (Greek: "big eaters", from makros "large" + phagein "eat") are cells within the tissues that originate from specific white blood cells called monocytes.
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Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase (positive acute phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction (also called acute phase response).
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Fever
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 50.
ICD-9 780.6
DiseasesDB .htm 18924 |]
Fever (also known as pyrexia, or a febrile response from the Latin word febris
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 50.
ICD-9 780.6
DiseasesDB .htm 18924 |]
Fever (also known as pyrexia, or a febrile response from the Latin word febris
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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, or hormone of the immune system that is instrumental in the body's natural response to microbial infection and in discriminating between foreign (nonself) and self.
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T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or Th cells) are a sub-group of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell or leukocyte) that plays an important role in establishing and maximizing the capabilities of the immune system.
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Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is an interleukin, a type of biological signal (cytokine) that can improve the body's natural response to disease as part of the immune system.
IL-3 stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic pluripotent progenitor cells.
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IL-3 stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic pluripotent progenitor cells.
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T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and NK cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface that is called the
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Bone marrow (or medulla ossea) is the soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.
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Marrow types
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Stem cells are primal cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. They retain the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and can differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types.
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Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4.
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Memory T cells are a specific type of infection-fighting T cell (also known as a T lymphocyte) that can recognize foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses, that were encountered during a prior infection or vaccination.
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B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response that is governed by T cells. The principal function of B cells is to make antibodies against soluble antigens.
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T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and NK cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface that is called the
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A mast cell (or mastocyte) is a resident cell of several types of tissues and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Although best known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis, mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately
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worldwide view of the subject.
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 T 78.4
ICD-9 995.
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IGE (Internet Gaming Entertainment) is the largest MMORPG services company world-wide, with offices in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and Miami. IGE is one of the main players in virtual economy services, also known in the MMORPG industry as secondary market.
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Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. Its functions are to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation.
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B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response that is governed by T cells. The principal function of B cells is to make antibodies against soluble antigens.
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IGA may stand for:
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- The Iowa General Assembly (state legislature)
- Iga Province, Japan
- IgA or immunoglobulin A - see also IgA nephritis which is a renal disease
- IGA (supermarkets) Independent Grocers Association or Independent Grocers Alliance
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation.
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Macrophages (Greek: "big eaters", from makros "large" + phagein "eat") are cells within the tissues that originate from specific white blood cells called monocytes.
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