Information about Individual Medley
Medley is a combination of four different swimming styles into one race. This race is either swum by one swimmer as Individual Medley (IM) or by four swimmers as a Medley Relay.
The butterfly section has to be ended with both hands touching the wall at the same time, but has to leave the wall on the back for backstroke. Most swimmers do this by pulling the knees underneath of their body after touching the wall with both hands, and then rolling backwards on their back. During the roll the arms are not stretched, but rather hold close to the body with the hands a few centimeters in front of the chest. This reduces the rotational moment and allows for a faster turn. At the end of the backwards roll the swimmer sinks under water and extends the arms forward. The swimmer then pushes off the wall with both legs and starts the regular underwater phase of backstroke, usually a dolphin kick for 15 m before surfacing and resuming normal backstroke.
The backstroke section has to be ended with touching the wall while lying on the back. For the subsequent breaststroke the swimmer has to leave the wall on the breast. Most swimmers prefer to do a backwards roll by pulling the knees close to the body and pushing with the hand upwards against the wall to achieve rotational movement. After a 180 degree turn, the swimmer is under water on his breast and extends the hands forward before pushing off the wall with both legs. The swimmer continues with the regular breaststroke, consisting of a sliding phase, an underwater pull-down, and another sliding phase before surfacing and resuming the normal breaststroke. A newer, but not required technique for the backstroke to breastroke turn is a backflip. The swimmer touches on his or her backside with one hand. After touching the wall, the swimmer tucks their knees up to their stomach and flips around so that their feet are touching the wall pointing down and they can push off of the wall on their stomach.
The breaststroke section has to be ended with both hands touching the wall at the same time while on the breast. A normal breaststroke turn is usually used to turn and push off the wall. After leaving the wall the freestyle underwater phase is initiated, followed by regular freestyle on the surface after 15 m or less. For medley events, freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly.
Individual Medley
Individual medley consists of a single swimmer swimming equal distances of four different strokes within one race.Stroke Order
Individual Medley consists of four strokes. Usually each stroke has an equal part of the overall distance, i.e. 1/4th of the overall distance is swum in one stroke. The strokes are swum in this order:- Butterfly stroke
- Backstroke
- Breaststroke
- Freestyle, with the limitation that freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly. Most swimmers use front crawl.
Competitions
There are a number of competitions swum regularly in individual medley, by both men and women. The competitions are limited in that every distance must consist of at least 4 lengths (100 yd. or m.) or a multiple of 4 lengths (200 or 400 yd. or m.), so that no stroke must change mid-length. Regardless of the length of the individual medley, each stroke comprises1/4th of the overall distance.- 100 m individual Medley: Swum on the short 25 m lane only. This is not an Olympic competition.
- 200 m individual Medley: Swum on both the short 25 m lane and the long 50 m lane. This was an Olympic competition once in the 1968 Summer Olympics, Mexico City, Mexico. After that, the event was not swum on Olympic games until the 1984 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles, United States. The event has been swum ever since.
- 400 m individual Medley: Swum on both the short 25 m lane and the long 50 m lane. This has been an Olympic competition since the 1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo, Japan
Technique
The technique for individual medley events does not differ much from the technique for the separate events for the four strokes. The only main difference is the technique needed at the change from one stroke to the next stroke. Each section has to be completed as described by the rules of this section.The butterfly section has to be ended with both hands touching the wall at the same time, but has to leave the wall on the back for backstroke. Most swimmers do this by pulling the knees underneath of their body after touching the wall with both hands, and then rolling backwards on their back. During the roll the arms are not stretched, but rather hold close to the body with the hands a few centimeters in front of the chest. This reduces the rotational moment and allows for a faster turn. At the end of the backwards roll the swimmer sinks under water and extends the arms forward. The swimmer then pushes off the wall with both legs and starts the regular underwater phase of backstroke, usually a dolphin kick for 15 m before surfacing and resuming normal backstroke.
The backstroke section has to be ended with touching the wall while lying on the back. For the subsequent breaststroke the swimmer has to leave the wall on the breast. Most swimmers prefer to do a backwards roll by pulling the knees close to the body and pushing with the hand upwards against the wall to achieve rotational movement. After a 180 degree turn, the swimmer is under water on his breast and extends the hands forward before pushing off the wall with both legs. The swimmer continues with the regular breaststroke, consisting of a sliding phase, an underwater pull-down, and another sliding phase before surfacing and resuming the normal breaststroke. A newer, but not required technique for the backstroke to breastroke turn is a backflip. The swimmer touches on his or her backside with one hand. After touching the wall, the swimmer tucks their knees up to their stomach and flips around so that their feet are touching the wall pointing down and they can push off of the wall on their stomach.
The breaststroke section has to be ended with both hands touching the wall at the same time while on the breast. A normal breaststroke turn is usually used to turn and push off the wall. After leaving the wall the freestyle underwater phase is initiated, followed by regular freestyle on the surface after 15 m or less. For medley events, freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly.
Medley Relay
Medley relay consists of four different swimmers in one relay competition, each swimming one stroke.Stroke Order
Medley relay is swum by four different swimmers, each swimmer swimming one of the four strokes. Backstroke is the first event as backstroke is started from the water. If backstroke would not be the first event, the starting backstroke swimmer and the finishing previous swimmer could block each other. The remaining strokes are sorted according to the speed, with breaststroke being the slowest and freestyle being the fastest stroke. The order of the strokes is as follows:- Backstroke
- Breaststroke
- Butterfly
- Freestyle, with the limitation that freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly.
Competitions
There are a number of competitions swum regularly in medley relay, both by men and women.- 4*50 Medley Relay: Swum on the short 25 m lane only. This is not an Olympic competition
- 4*100 Medley Relay: Swum on both the short 25 m lane and the long 50 m lane. This was the first Olympic medley competition and is swum since the 1960 Summer Olympics, Rome, Italy. The first Olympic butterfly event itself was first swum in the previous 1956 Summer Olympics.
Technique
The technique for medley relay events does not differ much from the technique for the separate events for the four strokes. The first swimmer swims the 50 or 100 m backstroke normally. The only difference for the following swimmers is that there is no start signal, but rather the previous swimmer completing its turn by touching the wall signals the start for the subsequent swimmer.Rules
These are the official rules of the FINA regarding Medley swimming:- In individual medley events, the swimmer covers the four swimming styles in the following order: Butterfly, Backstroke, Breaststroke and Freestyle.
- In medley relay events, swimmers will cover the four swimming styles in the following order: Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly and Freestyle.
- Each section must be finished in accordance with the rule which applies to the style concerned.
- Freestyle means that in an event so designated the swimmer may swim any style, except that in individual medley or medley relay events, freestyle means any style other than backstroke, breaststroke or butterfly.
- In relay events, the team of a swimmer whose feet lose touch with the starting platform before the preceding team-mate touches the wall shall be disqualified, unless the swimmer in default returns to the original starting point at the wall, but it shall not be necessary to return to the starting platform.
- Any relay team shall be disqualified from a race if a team member, other than the swimmer designated to swim that length, enters the water when the race is being conducted, before all swimmers of all teams have finished the race.
- The members of a relay team and their order of competing must be nominated before the race. Any relay team member may compete in a race only once. The composition of a relay team may be changed between the heats and finals of an event, provided that it is made up from the list of swimmers properly entered by a Member for that event. Failure to swim in the order listed will result in disqualification. Substitutions may be made only in the case of a documented medical emergency.
- Any swimmer having finished his race, or his distance in a relay event, must leave the pool as soon as possible without obstructing any other swimmer who has not yet finished his race. Otherwise the swimmer committing the fault, or his relay team, shall be disqualified.
- There shall be four swimmers on each relay team.
Well known medley swimmers
- Michael Phelps
United States
- Ryan Lochte United States
- László Cseh Hungary
- Tamás Darnyi Hungary
- Tom Dolan United States
- Marcel Wouda Netherlands
- Yana Klochkova
Ukraine
- Katie Hoff United States
- Kirsty Coventry
See also
External link
- Swim.ee: Detailed discussion of swimming techniques and speeds
Styles of SwimmingCompetitive: Backstroke • Breaststroke • Butterfly • Freestyle • Medley Competitive Variations: Front crawl • Total Immersion • Trudgen Recreational: Sidestroke • Snorkeling Swimming is the movement used in water without artificial assistance.History
Drawings from the Stone Age were found in "the cave of swimmers" near Sura, dating back to 2000 B.C. In 1538 Nicolas Wynman, German professor of languages, wrote the first swimming book.
..... Click the link for more information.The butterfly, (fly for short) is a swimming stroke swum on the breast, with both arms moving simultaneously. The butterfly kick was developed separately, and is also known as the "dolphin kick".
..... Click the link for more information.Backstroke also sometimes called back crawl is one of the three swimming styles regulated by FINA, and the only regulated style swum on the back. This has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of not seeing where the swimmer is heading to.
..... Click the link for more information.Breaststroke is a swimming style swum on the breast. It is the most popular recreational style due to its stability and the ability to keep the head out of the water at all times. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the front crawl first.
..... Click the link for more information.Freestyle is one of the official swimming competitions according to the rules of FINA. Although it is technically not a style, its frequent use in this manner is evolving its original meaning.
..... Click the link for more information.Front crawl, also known as The Australian Crawl, is usually regarded as the fastest swimming style developed. It is one of two long axis strokes, the other being the backstroke.
..... Click the link for more information.The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were held in Mexico City in 1968. Mexico City beat out bids from Detroit, Buenos Aires and Lyon to host the Games in 1963.
..... Click the link for more information.Mexico City
Ciudad de México
Skyline of Mexico City at night
Seal
Nickname: Ciudad de los palacios (City of Palaces)
Motto: Capital en movimiento
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Himno Nacional Mexicano
Capital
(and largest city) Mexico City
Official languages Spanish (
..... Click the link for more information.1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, were held in 1984 in Los Angeles, California, United States. Los Angeles was selected on May 18 1978 on the 80th IOC session at Athens, Greece, without voting, because it was the only city to bid to
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Nickname: The City of Angels, L.A.
Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California
Coordinates:
State
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
..... Click the link for more information.The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, were held in 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo, which won the rights to the games in 1958 over the bids from Detroit, Buenos Aires and Vienna, had been awarded with the organisation of the 1940 Summer
..... Click the link for more information.Tokyo Metropolis (東京都 Tōkyō-to)
Capital n/a
Region Kantō
Island Honshū
Governor Shintaro Ishihara
Area 2,187.
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..... Click the link for more information.- Principle of Moments redirects here. For the Robert Plant album, see The Principle of Moments. See also Moment (mathematics) for a more abstract concept of moments that evolved from this concept of physics.
..... Click the link for more information.Backstroke also sometimes called back crawl is one of the three swimming styles regulated by FINA, and the only regulated style swum on the back. This has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disadvantage of not seeing where the swimmer is heading to.
..... Click the link for more information.Breaststroke is a swimming style swum on the breast. It is the most popular recreational style due to its stability and the ability to keep the head out of the water at all times. In most swimming classes, beginners learn either the breaststroke or the front crawl first.
..... Click the link for more information.The butterfly, (fly for short) is a swimming stroke swum on the breast, with both arms moving simultaneously. The butterfly kick was developed separately, and is also known as the "dolphin kick".
..... Click the link for more information.Freestyle is one of the official swimming competitions according to the rules of FINA. Although it is technically not a style, its frequent use in this manner is evolving its original meaning.
..... Click the link for more information.The 1960 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad, were held in 1960 in Rome, Italy. Rome had been awarded the organization of the 1908 Summer Olympics, but, after the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius, had to decline and pass the honours to London.
..... Click the link for more information.Comune di Roma
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Nickname: "The Eternal City"
Motto: "Senatus Populusque Romanus" (SPQR) (Latin)
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Il Canto degli Italiani
(also known as Fratelli d'Italia)
..... Click the link for more information.The 1956 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad, were held in 1956 in Melbourne, Australia, although the equestrian events could not be held in Australia due to quarantine regulations.
..... Click the link for more information.Fina may refer to:- Fina is the Software System for Financial Analysis
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..... Click the link for more information.Competitor for United States
Olympic Games
Gold 2004 Athens[1] 100 m butterfly
Gold 2004 Athens 200 m butterfly
Gold 2004 Athens 200 m individual medley
Gold 2004 Athens 400 m individual medley
Gold
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
..... Click the link for more information.Competitor for United States
Olympic Games
Gold 2004 Athens[1] 4x200m Freestyle
Silver 2004 Athens 200m Medley
World Championships
Bronze 2005 Montreal[2] 200m Backstroke
Bronze 2005 Montreal 200m Medley
..... Click the link for more information.Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
..... Click the link for more information.- The native form of this personal name is Cseh László. This article uses the Western name order.
Medal record
Men's Swimming
Competitor for Hungary
Olympic Games
Bronze 2004 Athens[1] 400m Medley
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