Information about Home Video
The home video business distributes films, telemovies and television series in the form of videos in various formats to the public. These are either bought or rented, then watched privately from the comfort of home by consumers. Most theatrically released films are now released on DVD-Video, replacing the largely obsolete VHS (Video Home System) medium. The VCD format remains popular in Asia, though DVDs are gradually gaining popularity.
Prior to the advent of home video in the late 1970s, most feature films were inaccessible after their theatrical runs, only viewable in re-releases and television broadcasts. Home video release usually follows five or six months after the theatrical release, although recently more films have been arriving on video after three or four months. A time period is often allowed to elapse between the end of theatrical release and the DVD/VHS release, as an effort to discourage piracy, or at least minimize the effect of piracy on the profitability of the theatrical release.
Many TV programs are now also available in complete seasons on DVD. It has become popular practice for defunct TV shows to be released to DVD one season a time every few months, and active shows to be released on DVD after the end of each season. Prior to the television DVDs, most television shows were only viewable in syndication, or on limited 'best of' VHS releases of selected episodes.
These copyrighted movies and programs have legal restrictions on them preventing them from (amongst other things) being shown in public venues, shown to other people for money, or copied for other than fair use purposes (although even this is questionable now: see below).
There is great controversy about recent attempts to increase protections for rights owners using technical means such as Macrovision and CSS, and by the enactment of laws such as the DMCA, at the expense of consumers' fair use rights.
Major United States players in the home video business include Blockbuster Video and Netflix.
Prior to the advent of home video in the late 1970s, most feature films were inaccessible after their theatrical runs, only viewable in re-releases and television broadcasts. Home video release usually follows five or six months after the theatrical release, although recently more films have been arriving on video after three or four months. A time period is often allowed to elapse between the end of theatrical release and the DVD/VHS release, as an effort to discourage piracy, or at least minimize the effect of piracy on the profitability of the theatrical release.
Many TV programs are now also available in complete seasons on DVD. It has become popular practice for defunct TV shows to be released to DVD one season a time every few months, and active shows to be released on DVD after the end of each season. Prior to the television DVDs, most television shows were only viewable in syndication, or on limited 'best of' VHS releases of selected episodes.
These copyrighted movies and programs have legal restrictions on them preventing them from (amongst other things) being shown in public venues, shown to other people for money, or copied for other than fair use purposes (although even this is questionable now: see below).
There is great controversy about recent attempts to increase protections for rights owners using technical means such as Macrovision and CSS, and by the enactment of laws such as the DMCA, at the expense of consumers' fair use rights.
Major United States players in the home video business include Blockbuster Video and Netflix.
List of notable home video companies
The following companies are some of the notable organizations involved the business of producing and marketing pre-recorded cassettes and discs of various formats.Viacom
- Paramount Home Entertainment (1976-)
- DreamWorks Home Entertainment
- Viacom Home Video
- MTV Home Video
- Nickelodeon Video (1993-)
News Corporation
- 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (formerly Magnetic Video (1977-1982), 20th Century Fox Video (1982-1983), CBS/Fox Video (1983-1998) and Fox Video (1990-1999)), currently part of News Corporation (1977-)
- Playhouse Video (1983-1991)
- Key Video (1983-1991)
Lions Gate
- Artisan Entertainment (formerly U.S.A. Home Video (1984-1986), International Video Entertainment (1986-1990), Live Home Video (1990-1995), and Live Entertainment (1995-1998)) (1984-)
- Vestron Video (1979-1993)
- Family Home Entertainment (1982-)
- Carolco Home Video (1990-1996)
- Avid Home Entertainment (1990-1998)
- Magnum Entertainment (Mid 1980s-1990)
Time Warner
- HBO Video (formerly Thorn/EMI Video (1978-1985), Thorn/EMI/HBO Video (1985-1986), and HBO/Cannon Video (1986-1987)) (1978-)
- Warner Home Video (1978-)
- New Line Home Entertainment (1989-)
- (Karl) Lorimar Home Video (1984-1993)
- Turner Entertainment
- Warner Music Vision (formerly Warner Reprise Video)
- KidVision
The Walt Disney Company
- Buena Vista Home Entertainment(formerly Buena Vista Home Video) (1989-2007)
- Walt Disney Home Entertainment (formerly Walt Disney Home Video) (1978-)
- ABC Video Enterprises, Inc. (1979-)
- Touchstone Home Entertainment (1984-)
- Hollywood Pictures Home Entertainment (1991-)
- Saban Home Video (1991)
- Miramax Home Entertainment (1989-)
Sony
- Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, formerly known as Columbia Pictures Home Entertainment, RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video, Columbia TriStar Home Video, and Columbia Tristar Home Entertainment (1978-)
- MGM Home Entertainment (formerly MGM Home Video (1973-1979), MGM/CBS Home Video (1979-1982), MGM/UA Home Video (1982-1999) and MGM/UA Home Entertainment (1999-2000)) (1979-)
- United Artists Home Video (1976-1982)
- Orion Home Video (formerly Embassy Home Entertainment (1981-1987) and Nelson Entertainment (1987-1989)) (1981-1997)
- Sony Wonder (1984-2007)
NBC Universal
- Universal Home Entertainment (1980-)
- NBC Home Video (1981-)
- Goodtimes Home Video (1980-)
- PolyGram Video (1993-1999)
Heron Communications
- Media Home Entertainment (1978-1992)
- Hi-Tops Video (1985-1992)
The Weinstein Company
- The Weinstein Company Home Entertainment (2005-)
- Dimension Home Entertainment (formerly Dimension Home Video) (1996-)
Others
- Paragon Video Productions (1982-)
- Golden Book Video (1983-)
- Simitar Entertainment (1984-2000)
- Video Treasures (1987-1996)
- PBS Home Video (1990-)
- BBC Video
- DiC Home Entertainment (2003-)
- Random House Home Video (1986-)
- Anchor Bay Entertainment (1995-)
- United American Video (1991-2006)
- Viz Video (1993-)
- Burbank Video
- CBS Home Entertainment (formerly CBS Video Enterprises (1978-1979), MGM/CBS Home Video (1979-1982) and CBS/Fox Video (1983-1998)) (1978-)
- Strand VCI Entertainment (1988-1993)
- Strand Home Video (1993-1995)
- HIT Entertainment
- Celebrity Home Entertainment/Celebrity's Just for Kids Home Video
- Norman Martin Enterprises
- Big H Productions
Outside of the United States
Australia
- Communications and Entertainment Limited (Early 1980s-Mid 1990s, was originally Publishing and Broadcasting Video Distribution)
- K&C Video (Early-Mid 1980s)
- GO Video (Early-Mid 1980s)
- Starbase Video (Early-Mid 1980s)
- King of Video (Early-Mid 1980s)
- Video Classics (Early-Mid 1980s)
- Thorn/EMI Video
- Thorn/EMI HBO Video
- Platinum Video (Mid-1980s)
- Delta Home Video (Mid-1980s)
- Prestige Video (Mid-80's)
- Palace Home Video (Mid-Late 1980s)
- Roadshow Home Video (Early 1980s-?)
- Intervision (Early-Mid 1980s)
- Showcase Video (Mid-80's)
- GL Video (Early-1980s)
- Vestron (Mid-Late 1980s)
- Box Office Int. Video (Mid-1980s)
- RCA/Columbia Pictures/Hoyts Video (Mid-Late 1980s)
- Videoscope (Early 1980s)
- Syme (Mid 1980s))
- Electric (Blue) Video (although the company was actually UK-based)
- Sports World Cinema
- VCL Video
- Movies at Midnight
- Seven Keys Video
- Screen Time Entertainment (division of CBS-Fox Video in Australia)
- Pink Video
- Rigby-CIC Video
- Merlin Video
- Playaround Video
- Star Video
- Australian Video
Canada
- A and Y Productions (2003-now)
- HGV Video Productions (1980-Present, Canadian distributor of Goodtimes Home Video)
- Astral Video (Mid 1980s-1996)
- Vidtex Video
- Media West, Inc. (Low-budget Canadian counterpart of Worldvision Home Video)
- Alliance Releasing
- Video MPA
- Junior Home Video
- Imavision
- BFS Video (distributor of old BBC and ITV programs from the UK)
- La mouche et l'elephant/PR Vidéo (French-language)
Finland
- Magnum Video (no relation to the low-budget B-movie label now owned by Lions Gate)
- Nordic Video
- Capitol Video (released several films from the former Soviet Union)
France
- StudioCanal Video
- Gaumont/Columbia-TriStar Home Video
- Delta Video
- UGC Video
- Fil-à-Film
- New Family Video
- TF1 Video
- Carrére Video
- Sunrise
- Initial Home Video
- Mondial Home Video
- Régie Cassette Video
- Challenge Video Productions
Germany
- Kiddinx Video
- RTL Video
- VPS Video Programm Service
- Atlas Film Video
Greece
- AGM Home Video
- Hellas Kosmos Video
- Hi-Tech Video
- Original Video
- Video Acropolis
- Video City International
- Videosonic (one of the biggest Greek home video companies, started in the mid-1980s)
Italy
- Torino Video (1980s)
Japan
- Bandai Visual - Emotion (1983-)
- Toei Home Video (?-Present)
- Pony Video (dates unknown)
Mexico
- Televisa Home Entertainment (dates unknown)
The Netherlands
- Converge Video (1980s)
- Video Classics
- Video Screen
- Eagle 6 Video
- Bridge Entertainment DVD
- Video Classics
- Video Garant
- European Video Corporation
South Africa
- Nu Metro Home Entertainment (1987-)
- Ster-Kinekor Home Video (1993-)
Spain
- Filmax Home Video (1988-Present)
- Video Diversíon (Mid-1980s)
- Lauren Films Video (1980s-Present)
Sweden
- Baroness VideoVision
- International Promotions, Inc.
- PRT Elektronik
- Trix Videofilmer
- Video Invest
- Videce Videocentralen
United Kingdom
- Video Gems (Mid 1980s-1996)
- Guild Home Video (1984-?)
- Telstar Home Entertainment (2000s)
- BBC Video (1980-)
- RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video
- Acorn Media
- The Video Collection/VCI (the original UK version of Strand VCI Entertainment/Strand Home Video)
- Abbey Home Entertainment/Tempo Video
- Screen Legends
- CIC Video
- Braveworld Video
- Virgin Video
- Channel 5 Video
- Pickwick Video Distributors
- Entertainment in Video
- Magical Video Movies (MVM)
- Vestron Video International
- First Choice Home Video
- Odyssey Home Video
- Palace Video (unrelated to the Australian company of the same name, this handled children's videos)
- DD Video
- Replay Video
- Hokushin Video Movies
- Medusa Video
- Intervision
- Alpha Video
- Videomedia
- Skyline Video
- Video Program Distribution
- Derann Video
- CineHollywood
Pre-Certs
After the passage of the Video Recordings (Labelling) Act of 1985 in the United Kingdom, videotapes and other video recordings without a certification symbol from the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) on their covers - or on the tapes themselves - were no longer allowed to be sold or displayed by rental shops. These tapes are called "Pre-Certs" (e.g, Pre-certification tapes). Recently these tapes have generated a cult following, due to their collectability.See also
Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
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factual accuracy is disputed.
* It needs additional references or sources for verification.
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* Its tone or style may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
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* It needs additional references or sources for verification.
* It may not present a worldwide view of the subject.
* Its tone or style may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
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Video (Latin for "I see", first person singular present, indicative of videre, "to see") is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.
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DVD-Video is a consumer video format used to store digital video on DVD (DVD-ROM) discs, and is currently the dominant form of consumer video formats in the United States, Canada, Europe and Australia.
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Video Home System
Top view of VHS cassette with ruler for scale
Media type: Video recording media
Encoding: FM on magnetic tape
Developed by: JVC (Japan Victor Company)
Usage: Audio/Video Storage
The Video Home System [1]
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Top view of VHS cassette with ruler for scale
Media type: Video recording media
Encoding: FM on magnetic tape
Developed by: JVC (Japan Victor Company)
Usage: Audio/Video Storage
The Video Home System [1]
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Compact Disc Digital Video (VCD)
A standard pressed compact disc
Media type: optical disc
Encoding: MPEG-1 video + audio
Capacity: up to 800 MiB
Read mechanism: 780 nm wavelength semiconductor laser
Developed by: Sony & Philips
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A standard pressed compact disc
Media type: optical disc
Encoding: MPEG-1 video + audio
Capacity: up to 800 MiB
Read mechanism: 780 nm wavelength semiconductor laser
Developed by: Sony & Philips
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Copyright infringement (or copyright violation) is the unauthorized use of material which is covered by copyright law, in a manner that violates one of the original copyright owner's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to make
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In broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast radio shows and television shows to multiple individual stations, without going through a broadcast network.
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Fair use is a doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders, such as use for scholarship or review.
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Macrovision Corporation
Public (NASDAQ: MVSN )
Founded 1983
Headquarters Santa Clara, California, USA
Key people Fred Amoroso, President and Chief Executive Officer
Employees 800+
Website www.macrovision.
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Public (NASDAQ: MVSN )
Founded 1983
Headquarters Santa Clara, California, USA
Key people Fred Amoroso, President and Chief Executive Officer
Employees 800+
Website www.macrovision.
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Content Scramble System (CSS) is a Digital Rights Management (DRM) scheme used on almost all commercially produced DVD-Video discs. It utilizes a weak, proprietary 40-bit stream cipher algorithm. The system was introduced around 1996 and has subsequently been compromised.
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Introduced in the House of Representatives as H.R. 2281 by Rep. Howard Coble (R-NC) on July 29, 1997 Committee consideration by: House Judiciary Committee (Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property); House Commerce Committee (Subcommittee on
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Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Blockbuster Inc.
Public (NYSE: BBI )
Founded 1985
Headquarters Renaissance Tower, Dallas, Texas
United States
Key people James W. Keyes,
CEO, Chairperson
Industry Home Entertainment
Products Retailing-DVD/Video/Video Games
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Public (NYSE: BBI )
Founded 1985
Headquarters Renaissance Tower, Dallas, Texas
United States
Key people James W. Keyes,
CEO, Chairperson
Industry Home Entertainment
Products Retailing-DVD/Video/Video Games
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Netflix, Inc.
Public (NASDAQ: NFLX )
Founded 1998
Headquarters Los Gatos, California, USA
Key people Reed Hastings, founder and CEO Barry McCarthy, CFO, Secretary Leslie J.
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Public (NASDAQ: NFLX )
Founded 1998
Headquarters Los Gatos, California, USA
Key people Reed Hastings, founder and CEO Barry McCarthy, CFO, Secretary Leslie J.
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Viacom, Inc.
Public (NYSE: VIAB , VNV )
Founded 2006[1]
Headquarters New York, New York, USA
Key people Sumner Redstone, Chairman (through National Amusements, owns a controlling amount of voting shares)
Philippe Dauman, President & CEO
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Public (NYSE: VIAB , VNV )
Founded 2006[1]
Headquarters New York, New York, USA
Key people Sumner Redstone, Chairman (through National Amusements, owns a controlling amount of voting shares)
Philippe Dauman, President & CEO
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Paramount Home Entertainment (formerly Paramount Home Video) and (Paramount Video) is a home video company founded in 1976. It is a division of Paramount Pictures, which in turn is owned by Viacom.
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DreamWorks, L.L.C.
Subsidiary
Founded Glendale, California, USA (1994)
Headquarters Glendale, CA, USA
Key people David Geffen, Principal
Jeffrey Katzenberg, Principal
Steven Spielberg, Principal
Industry Motion pictures
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Subsidiary
Founded Glendale, California, USA (1994)
Headquarters Glendale, CA, USA
Key people David Geffen, Principal
Jeffrey Katzenberg, Principal
Steven Spielberg, Principal
Industry Motion pictures
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Viacom, Inc.
Public (NYSE: VIAB , VNV )
Founded 2006[1]
Headquarters New York, New York, USA
Key people Sumner Redstone, Chairman (through National Amusements, owns a controlling amount of voting shares)
Philippe Dauman, President & CEO
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Public (NYSE: VIAB , VNV )
Founded 2006[1]
Headquarters New York, New York, USA
Key people Sumner Redstone, Chairman (through National Amusements, owns a controlling amount of voting shares)
Philippe Dauman, President & CEO
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Availability
Satellite
DirecTV Channel 331
Dish Network Channel 160
Cable
Available on many cable systems Check local listings for channels
MTV (Music Television) is an American cable television network based in New York City.
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Satellite
DirecTV Channel 331
Dish Network Channel 160
Cable
Available on many cable systems Check local listings for channels
MTV (Music Television) is an American cable television network based in New York City.
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Availability
Satellite
DirecTV Channel 299/300
Dish Network Channel 170/171
Cable
Available on most cable systems Check local listings for channels
Nickelodeon (commonly referred to as Nick
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Satellite
DirecTV Channel 299/300
Dish Network Channel 170/171
Cable
Available on most cable systems Check local listings for channels
Nickelodeon (commonly referred to as Nick
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News Corporation
Public: (NYSE: NWS , NYSE: NWSa , ASX: NWS , LSE: NCRA )
Founded Adelaide, Australia (1979)
Headquarters New York City, formerly in Adelaide, Australia
Key people Rupert Murdoch
Peter Chernin
David DeVoe
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Public: (NYSE: NWS , NYSE: NWSa , ASX: NWS , LSE: NCRA )
Founded Adelaide, Australia (1979)
Headquarters New York City, formerly in Adelaide, Australia
Key people Rupert Murdoch
Peter Chernin
David DeVoe
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20th Century Fox Home Entertainment is the home video distribution arm of the 20th Century Fox film studio. It was established in 1977 as Magnetic Video Corporation, and later as 20th Century Fox Video, CBS/Fox Video and Fox Video.
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Magnetic Video was a home video/audio duplication service established by Andre Blay in 1977 and based in Farmington Hills, Michigan. It was the first corporation to release theatrical motion pictures onto VHS videocassette for consumer use. (Cartridge Television, Inc.
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CBS/Fox Video was a home video company formed and established in 1982. The company was a merger between 20th Century Fox Video, formerly Magnetic Video Corporation, and CBS Video Enterprises.
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CBS/Fox Video was a home video company formed and established in 1982. The company was a merger between 20th Century Fox Video, formerly Magnetic Video Corporation, and CBS Video Enterprises.
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CBS/Fox Video was a home video company formed and established in 1982. The company was a merger between 20th Century Fox Video, formerly Magnetic Video Corporation, and CBS Video Enterprises.
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Lionsgate Entertainment
Public (NYSE: LGF )
Founded 1976 ( Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada)
Headquarters Santa Monica, California, USA [1]
Key people Robert Altman (founder)
Jon Feltheimer (CEO)
Steve Beeks (President)
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Public (NYSE: LGF )
Founded 1976 ( Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada)
Headquarters Santa Monica, California, USA [1]
Key people Robert Altman (founder)
Jon Feltheimer (CEO)
Steve Beeks (President)
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Artisan Entertainment was a privately held independent American movie studio that has been owned by Lions Gate Entertainment since 2003. At the time of its acquisition Artisan had a library of thousands of films developed through acquisition, original production, and
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International Video Entertainment (Now known as Lions Gate Home Entertainment) was a home video company started in 1984. It was a successor to USA Home Video. One of its releases was Supergirl. It released many B and art films and TV shows.
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