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History of Cyprus
Prehistory of Cyprus
Alashiya
Ancient Cyprus
Assyrian Period (709 BC - 669 BC)
Persian Period (525 BC - 333 BC)
Hellenistic Period (333 BC - 58 BC)
Roman Period (58 BC - 330)
Medieval Cyprus
Byzantine Cyprus (330 - 1191)
Kingdom of Cyprus (1192 - 1489)
Venetian Period (1489 - 1571)
Ottoman Cyprus (1571 - 1878)
Modern Cyprus


This article is about the History of Cyprus.

The name 'Cyprus' has a somewhat uncertain etymology. One suggestion is that it comes from the Greek word for the Mediterranean cypress tree (Cupressus sempervirens), κυπάρισσος (kypárissos) or even from the Greek name of the henna plant (Lawsonia alba), κύπρος (kıpros). Another school suggests that it stems from the Eteocypriot already given its name to the Classical Latin word for the metal, which appears in the phrase aes Cyprium, "metal of Cyprus", later shortened to Cuprum. [1]

Prehistory

Main article: Cyprus (Prehistory)

Ancient history

Main article: Cyprus (Ancient history)

Middle Ages to High Middle Ages and Byzantine Renaissance

Main article: Cyprus (Middle Ages)

Late Middle Ages and Renaissance

Main article: Cyprus (Ottoman Empire)

Modern Times (history)

Main article: Modern history of Cyprus


Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, Cyprus was annexed by Britain in 1925 and made a crown colony. Between 1955-59 EOKA was created by Greek Cypriots and led by George Grivas to perform enosis (union of the island with Greece). However the EOKA campaign did not result union with Greece but rather an independent republic, The Republic of Cyprus, in 1960.

In 1960 Turkish Cypriots were only the 18% of the Cypriot population. However, the 1960 constitution carried important safeguards for the participation of Turkish Cypriots to the state affairs, like vice-president being Turkish Cypriot, 30% of parliament being Turkish Cypriot, etc. Archbishop Makarios would be the President and Dr Fazil Kucuk would become Vice President. One of the articles in the constitution was the creation of separate local municipalities so that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could manage their own municipalities in the big towns. This article of the constitution has never been implemented by the Republic and president Archbishop Makarios. In response to the Greek-backed coup Turkey invaded the island in 1974 and seized the northern third of the island, Turkish Cypriots in the south would travel north and Greek Cypriots in the north would move south. The de facto state of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed in 1975 under the name "Turkish Federated State of Northern Cyprus". The name was changed to its present form on 15 November 1983. The only country to formally recognise The "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" is Turkey. Turkey repeatedly violates numerous UN Resolutions "[1]" and refers to the Republic of Cyprus as the "Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus" and refuse formal recognition against the international and European law.

See also

References

1. ^ [Fisher, Fred H. Cyprus: Our New Colony And What We Know About It. London: George Routledge and Sons 1878 pg 13-14.]

Further reading

  1. History, general
  2. * C. D. Cobham, Excerpta Cypria: materials for a history of Cyprus (Cambridge 1908). Nice Collection of written sources.
  3. * D. Hunt, Footprints in Cyprus (London, Trigraph 1990).
  4. Prehistory
  5. * Vassos Karageorghis, Cyprus (1969). Includes bibliography.
  6. * Veronica Tatton-Brown, Cyprus BC: 7000 years of history (London, British Museum 1979).
  7. * Stuart Swiny, Earliest Prehistory of Cyprus (American School of Oriental Research 2001) ISBN 0-89757-051-0
  8. * J. M. Webb/D. Frankel, "Characterising the Philia facies. Material culture, chronology and the origins of the Bronze Age in Cyprus" in American Journal of archaeology 103, 1999, 3-43.
  9. * S. Gitin/A. Mazar/E. Stern (eds.), Mediterranean peoples in transition, thirteenth to early 10th century BC (Jerusalem, Israel exploration Society 1998). Late Bronze Age and transition to the Iron Age.
  10. * J. D. Muhly, "The role of the Sea People in Cyprus during the LCIII period. In: Vassos Karageorghis and J. D. Muhly (eds), Cyprus at the close of the Bronze Age (Nicosia 1984), 39-55. End of Bronze Age
  11. Classical Period, Sources
  12. *Herodotus, "The Histories"
  13. *Isocrates, "Nicocles"
  14. *Diodorus Siculus, "Bibliothiki" (Library)
  15. *Arrian, "The Campaigns of Alexander the Great"
  16. Mediavial Age
  17. *Angel Nicolaou-Konnari (Ed): Cyprus. Society and culture (1191 - 1374); Leiden : Brill, 2005. - XVI, 403 S., ISBN 90-04-14767-5
  18. History, 20th century
  19. * C. Spyridiakis, The education policy of the English government in Cyprus (1878-1954).
  20. * C. Spyridiakis, A brief history of Cyprus.
  21. Mythology
  22. *Apollodorus, "Bibliothiki" (Library)
  23. *Pausanias, "Description of Greece"
  24. *Ovid, "Metamorphosis"

External links

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References

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The Prehistoric Period is the oldest part of Cypriot history.

Epipalaeolithic

Cyprus was not settled in the old stone age, which led to the survival of numerous dwarf forms, such as dwarf elephants (Elephas cypriotes) and pygmy hippos (Phanourios minutis
..... Click the link for more information.
Alashiya or Alasiya was an important state during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages and was situated somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean. It was a major source of goods, especially copper, for Ancient Egypt and other states in the Ancient Near East.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article treats the history of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. The earliest written records relating to Cyprus date to the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 15th c. BC), see Alasiya.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half.

Byzantine period

After the division of the Roman Empire into an eastern half and a western half, Cyprus came under the rule of Byzantium.
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The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the high and late Middle Ages.

The island was conquered from Isaac Comnenus, an upstart local governor and self-proclaimed emperor claiming the Empire of Constantinople, in 1191 by King Richard I
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Throughout the period of Venetian rule, Ottoman Turks raided and attacked the peoples of Cyprus at will. Greeks, the population of Cyprus were given weapons by their rulers the Venetians and fought the attacking Ottomans.
..... Click the link for more information.
Legend
Current territory   Former territory
* now a Commonwealth Realm   now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

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History is the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day.[1] More precisely, history is the continuous, systematic narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race [1]
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Motto
none
Anthem
Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν
Imnos is tin Eleftherian
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Etymology is the study of the history of words - when they entered a language, from what source, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.

In languages with a long written history, etymology makes use of philology, the study of how words change from culture to
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Cupressus
L.

Species
See text

The genus Cupressus is one of several genera within the family Cupressaceae that have the common name cypress; for the others, see cypress (disambiguation).
..... Click the link for more information.
C. sempervirens

Binomial name
Cupressus sempervirens
L.

Cupressus sempervirens, the Mediterranean Cypress
..... Click the link for more information.
Lawsonia

Species: Lawsonia inermis
L.

Henna or Hina (Lawsonia inermis, syn. L.
..... Click the link for more information.
Lawsonia

Species: Lawsonia inermis
L.

Henna or Hina (Lawsonia inermis, syn. L.
..... Click the link for more information.
Eteocypriot was a pre-Indo-European language spoken in Iron Age Cyprus. The name means "true" or "original Cyprian" parallel to Eteocretan, both of which names are used by modern scholarship to mean the pre-Greek languages of those places.
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This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims.
Please help Wikipedia by adding references. See the for details.
This article has been tagged since September 2007.

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The Prehistoric Period is the oldest part of Cypriot history.

Epipalaeolithic

Cyprus was not settled in the old stone age, which led to the survival of numerous dwarf forms, such as dwarf elephants (Elephas cypriotes) and pygmy hippos (Phanourios minutis
..... Click the link for more information.
This article treats the history of Cyprus in Classical Antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the Middle Ages. The earliest written records relating to Cyprus date to the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 15th c. BC), see Alasiya.
..... Click the link for more information.
Middle Ages form the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three "ages": the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern Times.
..... Click the link for more information.
High Middle Ages was the period of European history in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (AD 1000–1300). The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500.
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Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.
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The Medieval history of Cyprus starts with the division of the Roman Empire into an Eastern and Western half.

Byzantine period

After the division of the Roman Empire into an eastern half and a western half, Cyprus came under the rule of Byzantium.
..... Click the link for more information.
Late Middle Ages is a term used by historians to describe European history in the period of the 14th to 16th centuries (AD 1300–1500). The Late Middle Ages were preceded by the High Middle Ages, and followed by the Early Modern era (Renaissance).
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Renaissance (French for "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento; Spanish: Renacimiento), was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.
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Throughout the period of Venetian rule, Ottoman Turks raided and attacked the peoples of Cyprus at will. Greeks, the population of Cyprus were given weapons by their rulers the Venetians and fought the attacking Ottomans.
..... Click the link for more information.
The term Modern Times is used by historians to loosely describe the period of time immediately following what is known as the Early Modern Times. It is to be distinguished from the term of Modernity.
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Legend
Current territory   Former territory
* now a Commonwealth Realm   now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

..... Click the link for more information.
Clockwise from top: Trenches on the Western Front; a British Mark IV tank crossing a trench; Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the Battle of the Dardanelles; a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks, and German Albatros D.
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EOKA (Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (Greek for
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Georgios Grivas (George Grivas; Greek:Γεώργιος Γρίβας) June 6 1898 - January 27 1974. Also known under the pseudonym Digenis (Διγενής
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