Information about Halteres
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Crane fly, with a pair of halteres visible below the wings as appendages, about as long as the animal's antennae, with knobs on the end
''This article concerns insect anatomy. For halteres as used in ancient sports, see Halteres (ancient Greece)
Halteres (IPA pronunciation [hæl'tɪəriːz]; singular halter or haltere), also known as balancers or poisers, are small knobbed structures found as a pair in some two-winged insects; they are flapped rapidly to maintain stability when flying.
Halteres are homologous to, and evolved from, insect wings. The ancestral insect species had two pairs of wings (like most flying insect species today). In the Strepsiptera the forewings changed into halteres, while in the Diptera (flies, mosquitoes and gnats) the hindwings evolved into halteres.
Halteres operate as vibrating structure gyroscopes: the vibrating halteres tend to maintain their plane of vibration, and if the body of the insect turns or changes direction in flight, a bending strain develops which the animal detects with sensory organs known as campaniform sensilla located at the base of the halteres.
Halteres thus act as a balancing and guidance system, helping flies to perform their fast aerial acrobatics. They play an important role in stabilising the gaze of these insects during flight and also provide rapid feedback to wing-steering muscles to stabilise aerodynamic force moments. They are the equivalent of an aircraft's attitude indicator.
halteres comes from the Greek word for dumbbells. In ancient Greek sports, halteres were used as lifting weights, and also as weights in their version of the long jump, which was probably a set of three jumps.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758
Orders
Subclass Apterygota
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Linnaeus, 1758
Orders
Subclass Apterygota
- * Archaeognatha (bristletails)
- * Thysanura (silverfish)
- * Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic)
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In evolutionary biology, homology is any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry. There are examples in different branches of biology. Anatomical structures that perform the same function in different biological species and evolved from the same structure
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Insect wings are outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly. They are found on the second and third thoracic segments (the mesothorax and metathorax), and the two pairs are often referred to as the forewings and hindwings
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Strepsiptera
Kirby, 1813
Families
Mengenillidae
Mengeidae
Stylopidae
Bohartillidae
Corioxenidae
Halictophagidae
Callipharixenidae
Elenchidae
Myrmecolacidae
The Strepsiptera (occasionally known as
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Kirby, 1813
Families
Mengenillidae
Mengeidae
Stylopidae
Bohartillidae
Corioxenidae
Halictophagidae
Callipharixenidae
Elenchidae
Myrmecolacidae
The Strepsiptera (occasionally known as
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Diptera
Linnaeus, 1758
Suborders
Nematocera (includes Eudiptera)
Brachycera
True flies are insects of the Order Diptera (Greek: di = two, and pteron
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Linnaeus, 1758
Suborders
Nematocera (includes Eudiptera)
Brachycera
True flies are insects of the Order Diptera (Greek: di = two, and pteron
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In science, a vibrating structure gyroscope is a type of gyroscope that functions much like the halteres of insects. Miniaturized devices on this principle can be used as a relatively inexpensive type of Attitude indicator.
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sensory system: in this case, vision, for the visual system. ]]
A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
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A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
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Campaniform sensilla are mechanoreceptors found in insects. When the exoskeleton bends the resulting strain stimulates the sensilla. The displacement is transmitted down until it reaches the central nervous system.
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A guidance system is a device or group of devices used to navigate a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or other craft. Typically, this refers to a system that navigates without direct or continuous human control.
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attitude indicator (AI), gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is an instrument used in an aircraft to inform the pilot of the orientation of the airplane relative to earth.
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