iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Glycogen Synthase

glycogen synthase 1 (muscle)
Identifiers
SymbolGYS1
Alt. SymbolsGYS
Entrez2997
HUGO4706
OMIM138570
RefSeqNM_002103
UniProtP13807
Other data
EC number2.4.1.11
LocusChr. 19 q13.3
glycogen synthase 2 (liver)
Identifiers
SymbolGYS2
Entrez2998
HUGO4707
OMIM138571
RefSeqNM_021957
UniProtP54840
Other data
EC number2.4.1.11
LocusChr. 12 p12.2-11.2
Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase') is a glycosyltransferase enzyme (EC number 2.4.1) that catalyses the reaction of UDP-glucose and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)n to yield UDP and (1,4-α-D-glucosyl)n+1.

In other words, this enzyme converts excess glucose residues one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as glycogen.

Regulation

The reaction is highly regulated by allosteric effectors such as glucose-6-phosphate, by phosphorylation reactions, and indirectly triggered by the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas.

Pathology

A deficiency is associated with glycogen storage disease type 0.

 •  • [ e]
Transferases: glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)
2.4.1 - Hexosyltransferases:
glucosyltransferase		Phosphorylase (Starch, Glycogen, Myo-) - Glycogen synthase - Debranching enzyme - Branching enzyme - 1,3-beta-glucan synthase - Ceramide glucosyltransferase
2.4.1 - Hexosyltransferases:
other		Galactosyltransferase (Lactose synthase, B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase) - Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1, UGT2B7, Hyaluronan synthase) - Fucosyltransferase (POFUT1, POFUT2)
2.4.2 - Pentosyltransferases:
ADP ribose		Cholera toxin - Diphtheria toxin - Pertussis toxin - Poly ADP ribose polymerase
2.4.2 - Pentosyltransferases:
other		Purine nucleoside phosphorylase - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase - Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase - Amidophosphoribosyltransferase
 •  • [ e]
Carbohydrate metabolism: glycogenesis and glycogenolysis enzymes
GlycogenesisPhosphoglucomutase - UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase - Glycogen synthase - Glycogen branching enzyme
GlycogenolysisGlycogen phosphorylase - Debranching enzyme - Phosphoglucomutase
RegulationPhosphorylase kinase - Phosphoprotein phosphatase
The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
..... Click the link for more information.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
..... Click the link for more information.
Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
..... Click the link for more information.
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
..... Click the link for more information.
Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glycosyltransferases are enzymes (EC 2.4) that act as a catalyst for the transfer of a monosaccharide unit from an activated sugar phosphate (known as the "glycosyl donor") to an acceptor molecule, usually an alcohol.
..... Click the link for more information.
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e. accelerate) chemical reactions.[1] In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products.
..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
..... Click the link for more information.
A residue in normal English speech is a product, usually unwanted, left behind by any process.
  • In mathematics:
  • In complex analysis, the residue

..... Click the link for more information.
Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose (Glc) which functions as the primary short term energy storage in animal cells. It is made primarily by the liver and the muscles, but can also be made by the brain, uterus, and the vagina.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glucose 6-phosphate (also known as Robison ester) is glucose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6. This compound is very common in cells as the vast majority of glucose entering a cell will become phosphorylated in this way.
..... Click the link for more information.
''Note: This article title may be easily confused with inulin.


Insulin is an animal hormone whose presence informs the body's cells that the animal is well fed, causing liver and muscle cells to take in glucose and store it in the form of glycogen, and
..... Click the link for more information.
The pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine systems of vertebrates<ref name="New Standard" />. It is both exocrine (secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes) and endocrine (producing several important hormones, including
..... Click the link for more information.
Glycogen storage disease type 0 is characterized by a deficiency in the glycogen synthase enzyme. Although glycogen synthase deficiency does not result in storage of extra glycogen in the liver, it is often classified with the GSDs because it is another defect of glycogen storage
..... Click the link for more information.
In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor).
..... Click the link for more information.
Glycosyltransferases are enzymes (EC 2.4) that act as a catalyst for the transfer of a monosaccharide unit from an activated sugar phosphate (known as the "glycosyl donor") to an acceptor molecule, usually an alcohol.
..... Click the link for more information.
Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
Hexosyltransferases are a type of glycosyltransferase that catalyze the transfer of a hexose.

Examples include:
  • glucosyltransferases - transfer glucose
  • galactosyltransferases - transfer galactose
  • fucosyltransferases - transfer fucose

..... Click the link for more information.
Glucosyltransferases are a type of Glycosyltransferase which enable the transfer of glucose.

Examples include:
  • glycogen synthase
  • glycogen phosphorylase
They are categorized under EC number 2.4.1.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article requires authentication or verification by an expert.
Please assist in recruiting an expert or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details. This article has been tagged since September 2006.
..... Click the link for more information.
Starch phosphorylase is a form of phosphorylase similar to glycogen phosphorylase, except that it acts upon starch instead of glycogen.

External links

  • MeSH Starch+phosphorylase
  • http://www.genome.ad.

..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter