Information about Glottalic Ingressive
See also Glottalization
A glottalic consonant is a consonant produced with some important contribution (a movement, a closure) of the glottis (the opening that leads from the nose and mouth cavities into the larynx and the lungs).
Glottalic sounds may involve motion of the larynx upward or downward, producing an egressive or ingressive glottalic airstream mechanism respectively. An egressive glottalic airstream produces ejective consonants, while an ingressive glottalic airstream produces implosive consonants. Ejectives are almost always voiceless stops (plosives) or affricates, while implosives are almost always voiced stops.
However, when a sound is said to be glottalized, this is not normally what is meant. Rather, glottalization implies that a normal pulmonic airstream is interrupted by closure of the glottis. Sonorants (including vowels) may be glottalized in this fashion. There are two ways this is represented in the IPA: (a) the same way as ejectives, with an apostrophe; or, (b) more properly with the under-tilde for creaky voice. For example, the Yapese word for sick with a glottalized m could be transcribed as either [m’aar] or [m̰aar]. (In some typefaces, the apostrophe would occur above the em.)
The same principle applies to the other implosive consonants, but [ɓ] is the easiest.
The same principle applies to the other ejective consonants, but [k’] is the easiest.
Implosives are found throughout Africa and, to a lesser extent, Southeast Asia. They are rather rare elsewhere.
Manners of articulation
Obstruent
Click
Stop
Ejective
Implosive
Affricate
Fricative
Sibilant
Sonorant
Nasal
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A glottalic consonant is a consonant produced with some important contribution (a movement, a closure) of the glottis (the opening that leads from the nose and mouth cavities into the larynx and the lungs).
Glottalic sounds may involve motion of the larynx upward or downward, producing an egressive or ingressive glottalic airstream mechanism respectively. An egressive glottalic airstream produces ejective consonants, while an ingressive glottalic airstream produces implosive consonants. Ejectives are almost always voiceless stops (plosives) or affricates, while implosives are almost always voiced stops.
However, when a sound is said to be glottalized, this is not normally what is meant. Rather, glottalization implies that a normal pulmonic airstream is interrupted by closure of the glottis. Sonorants (including vowels) may be glottalized in this fashion. There are two ways this is represented in the IPA: (a) the same way as ejectives, with an apostrophe; or, (b) more properly with the under-tilde for creaky voice. For example, the Yapese word for sick with a glottalized m could be transcribed as either [m’aar] or [m̰aar]. (In some typefaces, the apostrophe would occur above the em.)
How to produce an implosive consonant
In order to produce an implosive b, do as follows:- Close your lips together so as to pronounce a [b].
- Move your glottis downward as if you were swallowing. You should be able to feel it move with your fingers; if you have a noticeable adam's apple, you should also be able to see it move in a mirror.
- While 'swallowing', open your lips and say [ba]. Try doing this quickly so that the air flows into your mouth while you pronounce the [b]. There should be a deep hollow sound, and the [a] should follow smoothly.
The same principle applies to the other implosive consonants, but [ɓ] is the easiest.
How to produce an ejective consonant
In order to produce, for example, an ejective k, do as follows:- Press the back of your tongue to the roof of your mouth so as to pronounce a [k].
- Move your glottis upward. If this is not something you normally do, you may need to monitor your adam's apple with your fingers.
- You may notice the pressure building. Release the back of your tongue, letting out air for a [ka]. The [k] should be clicky and dull. (Your glottis will move down again during the [a], so don't mind that.)
The same principle applies to the other ejective consonants, but [k’] is the easiest.
Glottalic sounds in languages
Many of the languages of America, Africa, the Caucasus and Siberia feature ejectives.Implosives are found throughout Africa and, to a lesser extent, Southeast Asia. They are rather rare elsewhere.
Glottalization is the complete or partial closure of the glottis during the articulation of another sound. Glottalization of vowels and voiced consonants is most often realized as creaky voice (partial closure).
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.
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Function
As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing...... Click the link for more information.
The larynx (plural larynges), colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production.
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In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. Along with articulation, it is one of the two mandatory aspects of sound production: without initiation, there is no sound.
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“᾿” redirects here. For the similar character ᾿, see Spiritus lenis.
Manners of articulation
Obstruent
Click
Stop
Ejective
Implosive
Affricate
Fricative
Sibilant
Sonorant
Nasal
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Implosive consonants are stops (rarely affricates) with a glottalic ingressive airstream mechanism. That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward, rather than by expelling air from the lungs as in normal pulmonic consonants.
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Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as [t] or [d]) but release as a fricative (such as [s]
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sonorant is a speech sound that is produced without turbulent airflow in the vocal tract. Essentially this means that a sound is sonorant if it can be produced continuously at the same pitch.
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Creaky voice (also called laryngealisation, pulse phonation or, in singing, vocal fry or glottal fry), is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather
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Yapese is a language spoken by 6,600 people on the island of Yap (Federated States of Micronesia).
It belongs to the Austronesian languages, more specifically to the Oceanic languages.
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It belongs to the Austronesian languages, more specifically to the Oceanic languages.
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