Information about Gingiva
) | |
| Cross-section of a tooth with visible gums, or gingiva | |
| subject #242 1112 | |
| MeSH | Gingiva |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | g_05/12390396 |
General Description
Gingiva are part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them. Compared with the soft tissue linings of the lips and cheeks, most of the gingiva are tightly bound to the underlying bone and are designed to resist the friction of food passing over them. Healthy gingiva is usually coral pink, but may contain physiologic pigmentation. Changes in color, particularly increased redness, together with edema and an increased tendency to bleed, suggest an inflammation that is possibly due to the accumulation of bacterial plaque.)
A diagram of the periodontium. A, crown of the tooth, covered by enamel. B, root of the tooth, covered by cementum. C, alveolar bone. D, subepithelial connective tissue. E, oral epithelium. F, free gingival margin. G, gingival sulcus. H, principle gingival fibers. I, alveolar crest fibers of the PDL. J, horizontal fibers of the PDL. K, oblique fibers of the PDL.
Subdivisions of Gingiva
The gingiva is divided anatomically into marginal, attached and interdental areas.Marginal Gingiva
The marginal gingiva is the terminal edge of gingiva surrounding the teeth in collar like fashion. In about 50% of individuals, it is demarcated from the adjacent, attached gingiva by a shallow linear depression, the free gingival groove. Usually about 1 mm wide, it forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus. The marginal gingiva is supported and stabilized by the gingival fibers.Attached Gingiva
The attached gingiva is continuous with the marginal gingiva. It is firm, resilient, and tightly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone. The facial aspect of the attached gingiva extends to the relatively loose and movable alveolar mucosa, from which it is demarcated by the mucogingival junction. Attached gingiva may present with surface stippling.Interdental Gingiva
The interdental gingiva occupies the gingival embrasure, which is the interproximal space beneath the area of tooth contact. The interdental gingiva can be pyramidal or have a "col" shape.Diseases of the Gingiva
The gingival cavity microecosystem, fueled by food residues and saliva, can support the growth of many microorganisms, of which some can be injurious to health. Improper or insufficient oral hygiene can thus lead to many gingival and periodontal disorders, including gingivitis or pyorrhea, which are major causes for tooth failure. Recent studies have also shown that Anabolic steroids are also closely associated with gingival enlargement requiring a gingivectomy for many cases.[1]Characteristics of Healthy Gingiva
Colour
Healthy gingiva usually has a colour that has been described as "coral pink." Other colours like red, white, and blue can signify inflammation (gingivitis) or pathology. Although the text book color of gingiva is "coral pink", normal racial pigmentation makes the gingiva appear darker. Because the color of gingiva varies due to racial pigmentation, uniformity of colour is more important than the underlying color itself.Contour
Healthy gingiva has a smooth arcuate or scalloped appearance around each tooth. Healthy gingiva fills and fits each interdental space, unlike the swollen gingiva papilla seen in gingivitis or the empty interdental embrasure seen in periodontal disease. Healthy gums hold tight to each tooth in that the gingival surface narrows to a "knife-edge" thins at the free gingival margin. On the other hand, inflamed gums have a "puffy" or "rolled" margin.Texture
Healthy gingiva has a firm texture that is resistant to movement, and the surface texture often exhibits surface stippling. Unhealthy gingiva, on the other hand, is often swollen and mushy.Reaction to Disturbance
Healthy gums usually have no reaction to normal disturbance such as brushing or periodontal probing. Unhealthy gums on the other hand will show bleeding on probing (BOP) and/or purulent exudate (pus).Additional images
) Mouth (oral cavity) | ) Mouth |
See also
Sources
- Willmann, Donald. PERI 5081 - Freshman Periodontics. UTHSCSA, 2006. 2.3.1
External links
Periodontology and Implant Dentistry | |
|---|---|
| Tissues of the Periodontium and their physiologic entities | Alveolar bone - Biologic width - Cementum - Free gingival margin - Gingiva - Gingival fibers - Junctional epithelium - Mucogingival junction - Periodontal ligament - Sulcular epithelium - Stippling |
| Pathogenesis | A. actinomycetemcomitans - B. forsythus - Capnocytophaga sp. - F. nucleatum - P. gingivalis - P. intermedia - T. denticola |
| Pathologic entities | Calculus - Edentulism - Fremitus - Gingival enlargement - Gingival pocket - Gingivitis - Horizontal bony defect - Occlusal trauma - Periodontal pocket - Periodontal disease - Plaque - Recession - Vertical bony defect |
| Diagnosis, Treatment planning, Prevention and Chemotherapeutic agents | Brushing - Bleeding on probing - Chlorhexidine gluconate - Flossing - Hydrogen peroxide - Mouthwash - Oral hygiene - Tetracycline - Triclosan |
| Periodontal armamentarium | Currette - Membrane - Probe - Scaler |
| Conventional Therapy | Debridement - Scaling and root planing |
| Surgical Therapy and Periodontal surgery | Apically positioned flap - Bone graft - Coronally positioned flap - Crown lengthening - Flap debridement - Free gingival graft - Gingivectomy - Guided bone regeneration - Guided tissue regeneration - Implant Placement - Lateral pedicle graft - Pocket reduction surgery - Sinus lift - Subepithelial connective tissue graft |
| Other specialties | - - |
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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This article has been tagged since September 2007.
This article has been tagged since September 2007.
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The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular: mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, and are involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs.
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The alveolar process is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. It is also referred to as the alveolar bone. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible.
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Edema
Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 60.9
ICD-9 782.3
DiseasesDB 9148
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Classifications and external resources
ICD-10 R 60.9
ICD-9 782.3
DiseasesDB 9148
- This page is about the medical condition. For the rock band, see Adema.
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Inflammation (Latin, inflammatio, to set on fire) is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
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Dental plaque is a biofilm (usually of a clear color) that builds up on the teeth. If not removed regularly, it can lead to dental cavities (caries) or periodontal problems (such as gingivitis).
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The gingiva (sing. and plur.: gingiva), or gums, consists of the mucosal tissue that lays over the alveolar bone.
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General Description
Gingiva are part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. They surround the teeth and provide a seal around them...... Click the link for more information.
The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that attach a tooth to the gingival tissue.[1] They are primarily composed to type I collagen, although type III fibers are also involved.
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The mucogingival junction is the interface between the more apically located alveolar mucosa and the more coronally located attached gingiva of the gingiva.[1]
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stippled.[1] Stippling only presents on the attached gingiva bound to underlying alveolar bone, not the freely moveable alveolar mucosa. Stippling used to be thought to indicate health, but it has since been shown that smooth gingiva is not an indication of disease,
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In dentistry, an embrasure is the area around interproximal contact area. From an interproximal view, the embrasures look like a donut with the contact as the donut hole. From an occlusal or facial view the embrasure looks like a triangle.
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COL can be used as:
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- Colorado
- City of license in broadcasting
- ISO 3166-1 3-letter country code for Colombia
- Colonel
- In the list of Amtrak station codes, the code for Columbus, Ohio
- Column (database)
- Commonwealth of Learning
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Microecosystems can exist in locations which are precisely defined by critical environmental factors within small or tiny spaces.
Such factors may include temperature, pH, chemical milieu, nutrient supply, presence of symbionts or solid substrates, gaseous atmosphere
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Such factors may include temperature, pH, chemical milieu, nutrient supply, presence of symbionts or solid substrates, gaseous atmosphere
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Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth clean in order to prevent cavities (dental caries), gingivitis, periodontitis, bad breath (halitosis), and other dental disorders.
Oral hygiene consists of both personal and professional care.
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Oral hygiene consists of both personal and professional care.
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Gingivitis ("inflammation of the gums") (gingiva) around the teeth is a general term for gingival diseases affecting the gingiva (gums)[1]. As generally used, the term gingivitis refers to gingival inflammation induced by bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) adherent
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Periodontal disease
Classification & external resources
This x-ray shows significant bone loss between the two roots of a tooth. The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
ICD-10 K 05.
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Classification & external resources
This x-ray shows significant bone loss between the two roots of a tooth. The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
ICD-10 K 05.
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Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids or AAS, are a class of steroid hormones related to the hormone testosterone. They increase protein synthesis within cells, which results in the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles.
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Gingival enlargement, the currently accepted terminology for an increase in the size of the gingiva, is a common feature of gingival disease.[1] This is strictly a clinical description of the condition and avoids the erroneous pathologic connotations of terms used in the
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Gingivitis ("inflammation of the gums") (gingiva) around the teeth is a general term for gingival diseases affecting the gingiva (gums)[1]. As generally used, the term gingivitis refers to gingival inflammation induced by bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) adherent
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Arcuate (Latin for "curved") can refer to:
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- Arcuate delta, a type of river delta
- Arcuate fasciculus
- Arcuate line
- Arcuate nucleus
- Arcuate nucleus (medulla)
- Internal and external arcuate fibers of the brain
- Arcuate arteries of the kidney
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In dentistry, an embrasure is the area around interproximal contact area. From an interproximal view, the embrasures look like a donut with the contact as the donut hole. From an occlusal or facial view the embrasure looks like a triangle.
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The free gingival margin is the interface between the sulcular epithelium and the epithelium of the oral cavity. This interface exists at the most coronal point of the gingiva, otherwise known as the crest of the marginal gingiva.
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stippled.[1] Stippling only presents on the attached gingiva bound to underlying alveolar bone, not the freely moveable alveolar mucosa. Stippling used to be thought to indicate health, but it has since been shown that smooth gingiva is not an indication of disease,
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Bleeding on probing is a term used by dentists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. This is often accomplished with the use of a periodontal probe.
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BOP or bop may refer to:
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- bop, a smack, strike, or punch
- bop, shortened form of Bebop, an early modern jazz developed in the 1940s
- hard bop, a style of jazz music that is extension of bebop (or "bop") music
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Pus is a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess.
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Head and neck anatomy focuses on the structures of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat.
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Periodontal disease
Classification & external resources
This x-ray shows significant bone loss between the two roots of a tooth. The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
ICD-10 K 05.
..... Click the link for more information.
Classification & external resources
This x-ray shows significant bone loss between the two roots of a tooth. The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth.
ICD-10 K 05.
..... Click the link for more information.
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