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Information about Fluency

Fluency is the property of a person or of a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise. Fluency indicates a very good information processing speed, i.e. very low average time between successively generated messages.

Speech and Language Pathology

Fluency is a speech and language pathology term that means the smoothness or flow with which sounds, syllables, words and phrases are joined together when speaking. [1]. Fluency disorders is used as a collective term for cluttering and stuttering. Both disorders have breaks in the fluidity of speech, and both have the fluency breakdown of repetition of parts of speech. Fluency disorders are most often complex in nature and they tend to occur more often in boys than in girls[2].

Language fluency

Language fluency is proficiency in a language, most typically foreign language or another learned language. In this sense, "fluency" actually encompasses a number of related but separable skills:
  • Reading: the ability to easily read and understand texts written in the language;
  • Writing: the ability to formulate written texts in the language;
  • Comprehension: the ability to follow and understand speech in the language;
  • Speaking: the ability to speak in the language and be understood by its speakers.
To some extent, these skills can be separately acquired. Generally, the later in life a learner approaches the study of a foreign language, the harder it is to acquire auditory comprehension and fluent speaking skills. Reading and writing a foreign language are skills that can be acquired more easily after the primary language acquisition period of youth is over, however.

Reading fluency

Reading fluency is often confused with fluency with a language (see above). Reading fluency is the ability to read text accurately and quickly. Fluency bridges word decoding and comprehension. Comprehension is understanding what has been read. Fluency is a set of skills that allows readers to rapidly decode text while maintaining high comprehension (National Reading Panel, 2001).

A first benchmark for fluency is being able to "sight read" some words. The idea is that children will recognize at sight the most common words in the written form of their native language and that instant reading of these words will allow them to read and understand text more quickly.

As children learn to read, the speed at which they read becomes an important measure.

(National Reading Panel, Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction--Reports of the Subgroups. A complete copy of the NRP report can be read, downloaded, or ordered at no cost from the NRP website at www.nationalreadingpanel.org.)

See also

References

1. ^ Bruce Harrell. Speech-language pathologist. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
2. ^ Fluency Disorders. StatPed. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
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This article has been tagged since September 2007.

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System (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek σύστημα systēma) is a set of entities, real or abstract, where each entity interacts with, or is related to, at least one other
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Information is the result of processing, gathering, manipulating and organizing data in a way that adds to the knowledge of the receiver. In other words, it is the context in which data is taken.
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expert (  (help) ) is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by their peers
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Information processing is the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. As such, it is a process which describes everything which happens (changes) in the universe, from the falling of a rock (a change in position) to the printing of a
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    Speech-language pathology (SLP) in the United States and Canada
  • Speech and language therapy (SLT) in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South Africa
  • Speech pathology in Australia
  • Speech-language therapy in New Zealand

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Cluttering
Classification & external resources

ICD-10 F 98.6
ICD-9 307.0

Cluttering (also called tachyphemia) is a speech disorder and a communication disorder characterized by speech that is difficult for listeners to understand due to
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MeSH D013342 Stuttering, also known as stammering in the United Kingdom, is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.


A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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A foreign language is a language not spoken by the people of a certain place: for example, English is a foreign language in Japan. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to, i.e.
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Reading is an active skill-based process of constructing meaning and/or gaining knowledge from oral, visual, and written text (including Braille).

It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas.
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Writing, is the representation of language in a textual medium; that is with the use of signs or symbols. It is distinguished from illustration such as cave drawings and paintings, and recording language via a non-textual medium such as magnetic tape audio.
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Understanding is a psychological process related to an abstract or physical object, such as, person, situation, or message whereby one is able to think about it and use concepts to deal adequately with that object.

An understanding is the limit of a conceptualization.
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Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.
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Auditory means of or relating to the process of hearing:
  • Auditory system, the neurological structures and pathways of sound perception.
  • Sound, the physical signal perceived by the auditory system.

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For the academic journal, see .


Language acquisition is the process by which the language capability develops in a human. First language acquisition concerns the development of language in children, while second language acquisition focuses on
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Decoding is the reverse of encoding, which is the process of transforming information from one format into another. Information about decoding can be found in the following:
  • Analog decoding, the use of analog circuit for decoding operations

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Reading comprehension can be defined as the level of understanding of a passage or text. For normal reading rates (around 200-220 words per minute) an acceptable level of comprehension is above 75%.
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Understanding is a psychological process related to an abstract or physical object, such as, person, situation, or message whereby one is able to think about it and use concepts to deal adequately with that object.

An understanding is the limit of a conceptualization.
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The National Reading Panel was a United States government body. Formed in 1997 at the request of Congress, it was a national panel with the stated aim of assessing the effectiveness of different approaches used to teach children to read.
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For the journal, see .
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. Someone who engages in this study is called a linguist.
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Precision teaching is a form of training pioneered by Ogden Lindsley in the 1960s and based on Skinner's operant conditioning. There are a number of feature that make teaching vastly more effective.
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Speech disfluencies are any of various breaks, irregularities, or utterances that are often not consistent with any specific grammatical construction and occur within the flow of otherwise fluent speech.
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    Speech-language pathology (SLP) in the United States and Canada
  • Speech and language therapy (SLT) in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South Africa
  • Speech pathology in Australia
  • Speech-language therapy in New Zealand

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