Floristic Province

Information about Floristic Province

A floristic province is a geographic area with a relatively uniform composition of plant species. Adjacent floristic provinces do not usually have a sharp boundary, but rather a soft one, a transitional area in which many species from both regions overlap. The region of overlap is called a vegetation tension zone.

Explanation

Several systems of floristic provinces have been devised. Most systems are organized hierarchically, with the largest units subdivided into smaller geographic areas, which are made up of smaller floristic communities, and so on. Floristic provinces are defined as areas possessing a large number of endemic taxons. Floristic kingdoms are characterized by a high degree of family endemism, regions – by a high degree of generic endemism, provinces – by a high degree of species endemism. Systems of floristic provinces have both significant similarities and differences with zoogeographic provinces, which follow the composition of mammal families, and with biogeographical provinces or terrestrial ecoregions, which take into account both plant and animal species.

Floristic kingdoms

Botanist Ronald Good identified six floristic kingdoms (Boreal, Neotropical, Paleotropical, South African, Australian, and Antarctic), the largest natural units he determined for flowering plants. Good's six kingdoms are subdivided into smaller units, called provinces. The Paleotropical kingdom is divided into three subkingdoms, which are each subdivided into floristic provinces. Each of the other five kingdoms are subdivided directly into provinces. There are a total of 37 floristic provinces. Almost all provinces are further subdivided into floristic regions.

Armen Takhtajan, in a widely used scheme that builds on Good's work, identified thirty-five floristic regions, each of which is subdivided into floristic provinces, of which there are 152 in all.

Taxonomic databases tend to be organized in ways which approximate floristic provinces, but which are more closely aligned to political boundaries, for example according to the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions.

Takhtajan's floristic provinces

Holarctic Kingdom

I. Circumboreal Region

2 Atlantic Europe

3 Central Europe

4 Illyria or Balkan

5 Pontus Euxinus

6 Caucasus

7 Eastern Europe

8 Northern Europe

9 Western Siberia

10 Altai-Sayan

11 Central Siberia

12 Transbaikalia

13 Northeastern Siberia

14 Okhotsk-Kamchatka

15 Canada incl. Great Lakes

II. Eastern Asiatic Region

16 Manchuria

17 Sakhalin-Hokkaidō

18 Japan-Korea

19 Volcano-Bonin

20 Ryūkyū or Tokara-Okinawa

21 Taiwan

22 Northern China

23 Central China

24 Southeastern China

25 Sikang-Yuennan

26 Northern Burma

27 Eastern Himalaya

28 Khasi-Manipur

III. North American Atlantic Region

29 Appalachian Province (forested areas extending east to include the piedmont and west to the start of the prairies)

30 Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

31 North American Prairies

IV. Rocky Mountain Region

32 Vancouver

33 Rocky Mountains

V. Macaronesian Region

34 Azores

35 Madeira

36 Canaries

37 Cape Verde

VI. Mediterranean Region

38 Southern Morocco

39 Southwestern Mediterranean

40 South Mediterranean

41 Iberia

42 Baleares

43 Liguria-Tyrrhenia

44 Adriatic

45 East Mediterranean

46 Crimea-Novorossijsk

VII. Saharo-Arabian Region

47 Sahara

48 Egypt-Arabia

VIII. Irano-Turanian Region

49 Mesopotamia

50 Central Anatolia

51 Armenia-Iran

52 Hyrcania

53 Turania or Aralo-Caspia

54 Turkestan

55 Northern Baluchistan

56 Western Himalaya

57 Central Tien Shan

58 Dzungaria-Tien Shan

59 Mongolia

60 Tibet

IX. Madrean Region

61 Great Basin

62 California

63 Sonora

64 Mexican Highlands

Paleotropical Kingdom

X. Guineo-Congolian Region

65 Upper Guinea

66 Nigeria-Cameroon

67 Congo

XI. Usambara-Zululand Region

68 Zanzibar-Inhambane

69 Tongoland-Pondoland

XII. Sudano-Zambezian Region

70 Zambezi

71 Sahel

72 Sudan

73 Somalia-Ethiopia

74 South Arabia

75 Socotra

76 Oman

77 South Iran

78 Sindia

XIII. Karoo-Namib Region

79 Namibia

80 Namaland

81 Western Cape

82 Karoo

XIV. St.Helena and Ascension Region

83 St. Helena and Ascension

XV. Madagascan Region

84 Eastern Madagascar

85 Western Madagascar

86 Southern and Southwestern Madagascar

87 Comoro

88 Mascarenes

89 Seychelles

XVI. Indian Region

90 Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

91 Malabar

92 Deccan

93 Upper Gangetic Plain

94 Bengal

XVII. Indochinese Region

95 South Burma

96 Andamans

97 South China

98 Thailand

99 North Indochina

100 Annam

101 South Indochina

XVIII. Malesian Region

102 Malaya

103 Borneo

104 Philippines

105 Sumatra

106 South Malesia

107 Celebes

108 Moluccas and West New Guinea

109 Papua

110 Bismarck Archipelago

Neotropical Kingdom

XXIII. Caribbean Region

117 Central America

118 West Indies

119 Galápagos Islands

XXIV. Region of the Guayana Highlands

120 Guayana

XXV. Amazonian Region

121 Amazonia

122 Llanos

XXVI. Brazilian Region

123 Caatinga

124 Central Brazilian Uplands

125 Chaco

126 Atlantic Brazil

127 Parana

XXVII. Andean Region

128 Northern Andes

129 Central Andes

South African Kingdom

XXVIII. Cape Region

130 Cape Province

Australian Kingdom

XXIX. Northeast Australian Region

131 North Australia

132 Queensland

133 Southeast Australia

134 Tasmania

XXX. Southwest Australian Region

135 Southwest Australia

XXXI. Central Australian or Eremaean Region

136 Eremaea

Antarctic Kingdom

XXXII. Fernandezian Region

137 Juan Fernández

XXXIII. Chile-Patagonian Region

138 Northern Chile

139 Central Chile

140 Pampas

141 Patagonia

142 Tierra del Fuego

XXXIV. Region of the South Subantarctic Islands

143 Tristan-Gough

144 Kerguelen

XXXV. Neozeylandic Region

145 Lord Howe

146 Norfolk

147 Kermadec

148 Northern New Zealand

149 Central New Zealand

150 Southern New Zealand

151 Chatham

152 New Zealand Subantarctic Islands

External references

Good, Ronald, 1947. The Geography of Flowering Plants. Longmans, Green and Co, New York
Takhtajan, Armen, 1986. Floristic Regions of the World. (translated by T.J. Crovello & A. Cronquist). University of California Press, Berkeley.

endemic, it is unique to its own place or region; it is found only there, and not found naturally anywhere else. The place must be a discrete geographical unit, often an island or island group, but sometimes a country, habitat type, or other defined area or zone.
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In botanical nomenclature, a taxon is usually assigned to a rank in a hierarchy. The basic rank is that of species, and if an organism is named it most often will receive a species name.
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family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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genus (plural: genera) is part of the Latinized name for an organism. It is a name which reflects the classification of the organism by grouping it with other closely similar organisms.
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species is one of the basic units of biological classification. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
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Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758

Subclasses & Infraclasses

Subclass †Allotheria*
Subclass Prototheria
Subclass Theria

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An ecoregion (ecological region), sometimes called a bioregion, is the next smallest ecologically and geographically defined area beneath "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large area of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct
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Boreal Kingdom or Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctis) is a floristic kingdom identified by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which includes the temperate-to-arctic portions of North America and Eurasia.
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In biogeography, Neotropic or Neotropical refers to one of the world's eight terrestrial ecozones.

This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexican lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and southern Florida, because these regions share a large number of plant
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Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (without Australia), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Its flora is characterized by about 40 endemic plant families, e.g.
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Cape floristic region is a floristic region located in South Africa. It is the only floristic region of the Cape (South African) Floristic Kingdom, and includes only one floristic province, known as the Cape floristic province.
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Antarctic Floristic Kingdom (also Holantarctic Kingdom) is a floristic region first identified by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which includes most areas of the world south of 40°S latitude.
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Armen Takhtajan (born 1910), aka Armen Leonovich Takhtadjan or Takhtadzhian, is a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th Century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography.
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The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions is a standard of the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases (TDWG) that sets out an agreed system for describing plant distributions, approximately down to country level.
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Circumboreal Region is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in Eurasia and North America, as delineated by such geobotanists as Josias Braun-Blanquet and Armen Takhtajan.
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Caucasus or Caucasia is a region in Eurasia bordered on the north by Russia, on the southwest by Turkey, on the west by the Black Sea, on the east by the Caspian Sea, and on the south by Iran. The Caucasus includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands.
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Eastern Asiatic Region (also known as Oriasiaticum, Sino-Japanese Region, East Asian Region, Temperate Eastern Region) is the richest floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom and situated in temperate East Asia.
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Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; Pinyin: Mǎnzhōu
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Sakhalin
Native name: Сахали?<nowiki />

Geography <nowiki/>
Location Russian Far East, Pacific Ocean
Coordinates 45°50' 54°24' N<nowiki /> <nowiki />
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Capital Seoul, Pyongyang

Largest conurbation (population) Seoul
Official languages Korean
- Water (%) 2.
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The Ogasawara Islands (小笠原諸島 Ogasawara Shotō
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Republic of China. For other uses, see Taiwan (disambiguation).

Taiwan (Traditional Chinese: or ; Simplified Chinese:
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North American Atlantic Region is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom identified by Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne, spanning from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to the Great Plains and comprising a major part of the United States and southeastern portions of Canada.
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Piedmont plateau region (shaded)]]

Piedmont is the plateau region of the eastern United States which lies between the Atlantic Coastal Plain, from which it is divided by the fall line, and the eastern mountain ranges, the Appalachian Mountains.
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Rocky Mountain Region is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in western North America (Canada and the United States) delineated by Armen Takhtajan and Robert F. Thorne.
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The Rocky Mountains

Moraine Lake, and the Valley of the Ten Peaks, Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada

Countries | United States,Canada

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