Information about Flame
FLAME (born Marcus T.W. Gray) is a Christian rapper signed to Cross Movement Records[1] He met the Cross Movement crew in Chicago after a concert. Flame, being a big fan, gave some of his work to the group, and Tonic (John Wells) was impressed.[2]
At the age of 16, Flame’s grandmother passed away. As a result of this event, Flame began attending church where the Holy Spirit convicted him, and he was converted to Christ. Flame continued to grow spiritually and became more involved in his church.
One day, Flame found himself in the music section of a Christian bookstore. Being part of the hip-hop culture and having done secular rap for years, he was drawn to the gospel rap area, where he picked up a cd by Cross Movement. The cd changed his life. Not only was Flame impressed by the artistic quality of the music, but also by the content. He found the lyrics saturated in scripture both encouraging and challenging. In 2000, after being edified through Cross Movement’s music, Flame made his way to one of their concerts in Chicago. This was where he met the group and provided them with a demo cd of his own work. Much to his surprise, he received a call back. Cross Movement began to build a relationship with Flame that was fostered over a couple of years. In 2002, Flame was invited on the Platinum Souls tour with Cross Movement. Shortly after, Flame was signed to the Cross Movement Records label. In October 2004, Flame’s self-titled debut cd was released nationwide. He was the first national Christian hip-hop artist from the Midwest. In December 2005, Flame released his second album titled, Rewind. On April 17, 2007, Flame released his third album entitled Our World: Fallen, which is the first part of a two part series. On October 2, 2007, the sequel, Our World: Redeemed is scheduled to release.
Flame has been featured on numerous radio shows nationwide such as Way of the Master, and in local newspapers such as The Pathway (Missouri Baptist Convention statewide newspaper), and World (Magazine).
Flame has moved more than 170,000 albums, and has one of his interludes from his first album blasting on Busch Stadium's loudspeakers every other time Albert Pujols comes to bat.[3]
On February 20th, 2007, it was announced that Flame's track, "Gotta Notice", from the album Rewind was nominated for the 38th Annual GMA Dove Awards in the category Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song of the Year[4]. In summer of 2007, FLAME joined the rest of Cross Movement for their final tour. [5]
A flame is the product of a highly exothermic reaction (for example, combustion, a self-sustaining oxidation reaction). In other words, it is the visible (light-emitting) part of a fire.
The color and temperature of a flame are dependent on the type of fuel involved in the combustion, as, for example, when a lighter is held to a candle. The applied heat causes the fuel molecules in the wick to vaporize. In this state they can then readily react with oxygen in the air, which gives off enough heat in the subsequent exothermic reaction to vaporize yet more fuel, thus sustaining a consistent flame. The high temperature of the flame tears apart the vaporized fuel molecules, forming various incomplete combustion products and free radicals, and these products then react with the oxidizer involved in the reaction. Sufficient energy in the flame will excite the electrons in the pre-combusted products, which results in the emission of visible light (see spectrum below for an explanation of which specific radical species produce which specific colors). As the combustion temperature of a flame increases, (if the flame contains small particles of unburnt carbon or other material) so does the average energy of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the flame (see blackbody).
Other oxidizers besides oxygen can be used to produce a flame. Hydrogen burning in chlorine produces a flame and in the process emits gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) as the combustion product.[8] Another of many possible chemical combinations is hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide which is hypergolic and commonly used in rocket engines.
Flames, or at least portions of them, are often considered to be partial plasmas or partially ionized gases, but in more general terms a flame is a region of exothermic chemical reaction of high enough temperature to emit visible light. A central region enclosed by such a reaction (but which does not necessarily participate in the reaction itself) is often also considered part of the flame.
There are different methods of distributing the required components of combustion to a flame. In a diffusion flame, oxygen and fuel diffuse into each other; where they meet the flame occurs. In a premixed flame, the oxygen and fuel are premixed beforehand, which results in a different type of flame. Candle flames (a diffusion flame) operate through evaporation of the fuel which rises in a laminar flow of hot gas which then mixes with surrounding oxygen and combusts.
Flame color depends on several factors, the most important typically being blackbody radiation and spectral band emission, with both spectral line emission and spectral line absorption playing smaller roles. In the most common type of flame, hydrocarbon flames, the most important factor determining color is oxygen supply and the extent of fuel-oxygen "pre-mixture", which determines the rate of combustion and thus the temperature and reaction paths, thereby producing different color hues.
In a laboratory under normal gravity conditions and with a closed oxygen valve, a Bunsen burner burns with yellow flame (also called a safety flame) at around 1,000°C. This is due to incandescence of very fine soot particles that are produced in the flame. With increasing oxygen supply, less blackbody-radiating soot is produced due to a more complete combustion and the reaction creates enough energy to excite and ionize gas molecules in the flame, leading to a blue appearance. The spectrum of a premixed (complete combustion) butane flame on the right shows that the blue color arises specifically due to emission of excited molecular radicals in the flame, which emit most of their light well below ~565 nanometers in the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum.
Flame temperatures of common items include a blowlamp at 1,300°C, a candle at 1,400°C [9], or a much hotter oxyacetylene combustion at 3,000°C. Cyanogen produces a ever-hotter flame with a temperature of over 4525°C (8180°F) when it burns in oxygen.[7]
Generally speaking, the coolest part of a diffusion (incomplete combustion) flame will be red, transitioning to orange, yellow, and white the temperature increases as evidenced by changes in the blackbody radiation spectrum. For a given flame's region, the closer to white on this scale, the hotter that section of the flame is. A blue-colored flame only emerges when the amount of soot decreases and the blue emissions from excited molecular radicals become dominant.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States has recently discovered that gravity also indirectly plays a role in flame formation and composition. [8] The common distribution of a flame under normal gravity conditions depends on convection, as soot tends to rise to the top of a flame (such as in a candle in normal gravity conditions), making it yellow. In microgravity or zero gravity, such as an outer space environment, convection no longer occurs and the flame becomes spherical, with a tendency to become bluer and more efficient. There are several possible explanations for this difference, of which the most likely is the hypothesis that the temperature is sufficiently evenly distributed that soot is not formed and complete combustion occurs. [9] Experiments by NASA reveal that diffusion flames in microgravity allow more soot to be completely oxidized after they are produced than do diffusion flames on Earth, because of a series of mechanisms that behave differently in microgravity when compared to normal gravity conditions. [10][11] These discoveries have potential applications in applied science and industry, especially concerning fuel efficiency.
Definition: Thamelin flow: the shape and speed of a projected flame (eg a gas flame inside a tubular radiant heater).
..... Click the link for more information.
Biography
Flame was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He grew up in the inner city of St. Louis where he was influenced by the hip-hop culture. One of the most significant people in his life was his grandmother. She was his best friend and taught him many things about life and more importantly, Christianity.At the age of 16, Flame’s grandmother passed away. As a result of this event, Flame began attending church where the Holy Spirit convicted him, and he was converted to Christ. Flame continued to grow spiritually and became more involved in his church.
One day, Flame found himself in the music section of a Christian bookstore. Being part of the hip-hop culture and having done secular rap for years, he was drawn to the gospel rap area, where he picked up a cd by Cross Movement. The cd changed his life. Not only was Flame impressed by the artistic quality of the music, but also by the content. He found the lyrics saturated in scripture both encouraging and challenging. In 2000, after being edified through Cross Movement’s music, Flame made his way to one of their concerts in Chicago. This was where he met the group and provided them with a demo cd of his own work. Much to his surprise, he received a call back. Cross Movement began to build a relationship with Flame that was fostered over a couple of years. In 2002, Flame was invited on the Platinum Souls tour with Cross Movement. Shortly after, Flame was signed to the Cross Movement Records label. In October 2004, Flame’s self-titled debut cd was released nationwide. He was the first national Christian hip-hop artist from the Midwest. In December 2005, Flame released his second album titled, Rewind. On April 17, 2007, Flame released his third album entitled Our World: Fallen, which is the first part of a two part series. On October 2, 2007, the sequel, Our World: Redeemed is scheduled to release.
Flame has been featured on numerous radio shows nationwide such as Way of the Master, and in local newspapers such as The Pathway (Missouri Baptist Convention statewide newspaper), and World (Magazine).
Flame has moved more than 170,000 albums, and has one of his interludes from his first album blasting on Busch Stadium's loudspeakers every other time Albert Pujols comes to bat.[3]
On February 20th, 2007, it was announced that Flame's track, "Gotta Notice", from the album Rewind was nominated for the 38th Annual GMA Dove Awards in the category Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song of the Year[4]. In summer of 2007, FLAME joined the rest of Cross Movement for their final tour. [5]
Discography
Albums
| Year | Cover | Album |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | FLAME
| |
| 2005 | ) | Rewind
|
| 2007 | ) | |
| 2007 | ) |
Guest Appearances
- "Eternal Cypha" by The Cross Movement feat. J-Silas, Todd Bangz, R-Swift & Da’ T.R.U.T.H.
- "Who's Is That?" by Da’ T.R.U.T.H.
- "Moments" by Tru-Life
- "Stand" by Da’ T.R.U.T.H. feat. Lecrae
- "The Greatest" by J.R.
- "Party Music" by Tedashii
- "Who You Rollin Wit" by Trip-Lee feat. Json
- "The King" by Lecrae
- "Everyday All Day Cypha" by Everyday Process feat. Lecrae, The Ambassador, Phanatik & R-Swift
- "The Last Cypha" by The Cross Movement feat. Trip Lee, R-Swift, Mac the Doulos, Iz-Real, & Da' T.R.U.T.H.
References
1. ^ [1]
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ [4]
5. ^ [5]
6. ^ [6]
7. ^ Thomas, N. & Gaydon, A. G.; Brewer, L. (March 1952), "Cyanogen Flames and the Dissociation Energy of N2", The Journal of Chemical Physics 20 (3): 369-374, <[7]
8. ^ Spiral flames in microgravity, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2000.
9. ^ CFM-1 experiment results, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
10. ^ LSP-1 experiment results, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
11. ^ SOFBAL-2 experiment results, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
2. ^ [2]
3. ^ [3]
4. ^ [4]
5. ^ [5]
6. ^ [6]
7. ^ Thomas, N. & Gaydon, A. G.; Brewer, L. (March 1952), "Cyanogen Flames and the Dissociation Energy of N2", The Journal of Chemical Physics 20 (3): 369-374, <[7]
8. ^ Spiral flames in microgravity, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2000.
9. ^ CFM-1 experiment results, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
10. ^ LSP-1 experiment results, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
11. ^ SOFBAL-2 experiment results, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.
External links
)
Flame generated by the burning of a candle.
A flame is the product of a highly exothermic reaction (for example, combustion, a self-sustaining oxidation reaction). In other words, it is the visible (light-emitting) part of a fire.
The color and temperature of a flame are dependent on the type of fuel involved in the combustion, as, for example, when a lighter is held to a candle. The applied heat causes the fuel molecules in the wick to vaporize. In this state they can then readily react with oxygen in the air, which gives off enough heat in the subsequent exothermic reaction to vaporize yet more fuel, thus sustaining a consistent flame. The high temperature of the flame tears apart the vaporized fuel molecules, forming various incomplete combustion products and free radicals, and these products then react with the oxidizer involved in the reaction. Sufficient energy in the flame will excite the electrons in the pre-combusted products, which results in the emission of visible light (see spectrum below for an explanation of which specific radical species produce which specific colors). As the combustion temperature of a flame increases, (if the flame contains small particles of unburnt carbon or other material) so does the average energy of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the flame (see blackbody).
Other oxidizers besides oxygen can be used to produce a flame. Hydrogen burning in chlorine produces a flame and in the process emits gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl) as the combustion product.[8] Another of many possible chemical combinations is hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide which is hypergolic and commonly used in rocket engines.
Flames, or at least portions of them, are often considered to be partial plasmas or partially ionized gases, but in more general terms a flame is a region of exothermic chemical reaction of high enough temperature to emit visible light. A central region enclosed by such a reaction (but which does not necessarily participate in the reaction itself) is often also considered part of the flame.
There are different methods of distributing the required components of combustion to a flame. In a diffusion flame, oxygen and fuel diffuse into each other; where they meet the flame occurs. In a premixed flame, the oxygen and fuel are premixed beforehand, which results in a different type of flame. Candle flames (a diffusion flame) operate through evaporation of the fuel which rises in a laminar flow of hot gas which then mixes with surrounding oxygen and combusts.
Flame color
)
Different flame types of a Bunsen burner depend on oxygen supply. On the left a rich fuel mixture with no premixed oxygen produces a yellow sooty diffusion flame, and on the right a lean fully oxygen premixed flame produces no soot and the flame color is produced by molecular radical band emission.
)
Spectrum of the blue (premixed, i.e., complete combustion) flame from a butane torch showing molecular radical band emission and Swan bands. Note that virtually all the light produced is in the blue to green region of the spectrum below about 565 nanometers, accounting for the bluish color of sootless hydrocarbon flames.
)
A flame test for sodium. Note that the yellow color in this gas flame does not arise from the blackbody emission of soot particles (as the flame is clearly a blue premixed complete combustion flame) but instead comes from the spectral line emission of sodium atoms, specifically the very intense "sodium D lines".
Flame color depends on several factors, the most important typically being blackbody radiation and spectral band emission, with both spectral line emission and spectral line absorption playing smaller roles. In the most common type of flame, hydrocarbon flames, the most important factor determining color is oxygen supply and the extent of fuel-oxygen "pre-mixture", which determines the rate of combustion and thus the temperature and reaction paths, thereby producing different color hues.
In a laboratory under normal gravity conditions and with a closed oxygen valve, a Bunsen burner burns with yellow flame (also called a safety flame) at around 1,000°C. This is due to incandescence of very fine soot particles that are produced in the flame. With increasing oxygen supply, less blackbody-radiating soot is produced due to a more complete combustion and the reaction creates enough energy to excite and ionize gas molecules in the flame, leading to a blue appearance. The spectrum of a premixed (complete combustion) butane flame on the right shows that the blue color arises specifically due to emission of excited molecular radicals in the flame, which emit most of their light well below ~565 nanometers in the blue and green regions of the visible spectrum.
Flame temperatures of common items include a blowlamp at 1,300°C, a candle at 1,400°C [9], or a much hotter oxyacetylene combustion at 3,000°C. Cyanogen produces a ever-hotter flame with a temperature of over 4525°C (8180°F) when it burns in oxygen.[7]
Generally speaking, the coolest part of a diffusion (incomplete combustion) flame will be red, transitioning to orange, yellow, and white the temperature increases as evidenced by changes in the blackbody radiation spectrum. For a given flame's region, the closer to white on this scale, the hotter that section of the flame is. A blue-colored flame only emerges when the amount of soot decreases and the blue emissions from excited molecular radicals become dominant.
)
In zero gravity, convection does not carry the hot combustion products away from the fuel source, resulting in a spherical flame front.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States has recently discovered that gravity also indirectly plays a role in flame formation and composition. [8] The common distribution of a flame under normal gravity conditions depends on convection, as soot tends to rise to the top of a flame (such as in a candle in normal gravity conditions), making it yellow. In microgravity or zero gravity, such as an outer space environment, convection no longer occurs and the flame becomes spherical, with a tendency to become bluer and more efficient. There are several possible explanations for this difference, of which the most likely is the hypothesis that the temperature is sufficiently evenly distributed that soot is not formed and complete combustion occurs. [9] Experiments by NASA reveal that diffusion flames in microgravity allow more soot to be completely oxidized after they are produced than do diffusion flames on Earth, because of a series of mechanisms that behave differently in microgravity when compared to normal gravity conditions. [10][11] These discoveries have potential applications in applied science and industry, especially concerning fuel efficiency.
Definition: Thamelin flow: the shape and speed of a projected flame (eg a gas flame inside a tubular radiant heater).
References
<references/> Christianity
Foundations
Jesus Christ
Church Theology
New Covenant Supersessionism
Dispensationalism
Apostles Kingdom Gospel
History of Christianity Timeline
Bible
Old Testament New Testament
Books Canon Apocrypha
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Foundations
Jesus Christ
Church Theology
New Covenant Supersessionism
Dispensationalism
Apostles Kingdom Gospel
History of Christianity Timeline
Bible
Old Testament New Testament
Books Canon Apocrypha
..... Click the link for more information.
Cross Movement Records is an American based Christian hip hop record label, founded by and based on the Christian hip hop group, The Cross Movement. CMR, founded in 1997, had an agreement with BEC Recordings. In 2005 they made a license agreement with Reach Records' Lecrae.
..... Click the link for more information.
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The Cross Movement is a Grammy-nominated, Christian hip hop band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ministry
The Cross Movement has three separate and distinct eponymous components which comprise its ministry...... Click the link for more information.
The Cross Movement is a Grammy-nominated, Christian hip hop band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ministry
The Cross Movement has three separate and distinct eponymous components which comprise its ministry...... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
World magazine is a Christian news magazine, published in the United States of America. Based in Asheville, North Carolina, it is the fourth largest weekly news magazine in the US.
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Busch Stadium (also referred to informally as "New Busch Stadium" or "Busch Stadium III") is the home of the St. Louis Cardinals of the National League of Major League Baseball.
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Albert Pujols
St. Louis Cardinals — No. 5
First Baseman
Born: January 16 1980
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St. Louis Cardinals — No. 5
First Baseman
Born: January 16 1980
..... Click the link for more information.
The Gospel Music Association (GMA) Dove Awards were created in 1969 by the Gospel Music Association to honor the outstanding achievements in Christian music. The awards, representing a wide variety of musical styles, including pop, rock, rap & hip hop, country, gospel, and praise &
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Cross Movement is a Grammy-nominated, Christian hip hop band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ministry
The Cross Movement has three separate and distinct eponymous components which comprise its ministry...... Click the link for more information.
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Rewind is the second solo album from Christian hip hop artist FLAME, released on December 6, 2005.
# Title Producer(s) Time
1. "Show Intro" Official 1:33
2. "No Silence" (feat. Lecrae) Lecrae 4:07
3. "Uh-Oh" J.R. 4:14
4. "So Sweet" (feat.
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Track listing
# Title Producer(s) Time
1. "Show Intro" Official 1:33
2. "No Silence" (feat. Lecrae) Lecrae 4:07
3. "Uh-Oh" J.R. 4:14
4. "So Sweet" (feat.
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December 6 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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The Cross Movement is a Grammy-nominated, Christian hip hop band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ministry
The Cross Movement has three separate and distinct eponymous components which comprise its ministry...... Click the link for more information.
Lecrae Moore is a Christian rap artist signed to Reach Records. Lecrae resides in Memphis, Tennessee hosting hip-hop related events, volunteering at the local juvenile detention center, and engaging with ReachLife Ministries.
..... Click the link for more information.
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Courtney O. Peebles, a.k.a. "J.R.", is a Christian singer and producer signed to Cross Movement Records. J.R. is also half of the So Hot Productions team along with N.A.B. His debut album was Metamorphosis, released in 2005.
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Tedashii "Tdot" Anderson is a Christian hip-hop artist who has recorded both independently and as a founding member of the 116 Clique. Tedashii is signed to Reach Records. His debut album Kingdom People was released in 2006.
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Lecrae Moore is a Christian rap artist signed to Reach Records. Lecrae resides in Memphis, Tennessee hosting hip-hop related events, volunteering at the local juvenile detention center, and engaging with ReachLife Ministries.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Lecrae Moore is a Christian rap artist signed to Reach Records. Lecrae resides in Memphis, Tennessee hosting hip-hop related events, volunteering at the local juvenile detention center, and engaging with ReachLife Ministries.
..... Click the link for more information.
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Brady Goodwin Jr. a.k.a. “Phanatik” is Christian hip-hop artist who has recorded both independently and as a founding member of the group The Cross Movement. Phanatik is signed to Cross Movement Records.
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Herod_Archelaus
