Information about Flag Of Italy
) Flag of Italy | |
| Use | National flag and state ensign. |
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Adopted | January 1 1948 |
| Design | A vertical tricolor of green, white and red. |
Meanings of the colors
The first entity to use the Italian flag was the Cispadane Republic in 1796, after Napoleon's army crossed Italy. During this time, many small republics based on the Jacobian model, were formed and almost all used the French tricolour with different colours. The colours chosen by the Cispadane Republic were red and white, the colours of the Flag of Milan, and green which was the colour of the uniform of the Lombard Legion [1].)
Some have tried to attribute some particular values to the colours and a common interpretation is that the green represents the country's plains and the hills; white, the snowy Alps; and red, the blood spilt in the Italian Independence wars. A more religious interpretation is that the green represents hope, the white represents faith and the red represents charity. This interpretation references the three theological virtues.
History
Pre-unitarian flags (until 1848)
){kind=spacer} 1796 - flag of the "Repubblica Transpadana" | ) 1797 - flag of the "Repubblica Cispadana" | ) 1798 - flag of the "Repubblica Cisalpina" | 1802 - flag of the Napoleonic "Repubblica Italiana" |
) 1805 - flag of the Napoleonic "Regno d'Italia" |
When, in 1794 the French Army led by Napoleon Bonaparte entered Italy, both the new republic (Repubblica Transpadana, Transpadane Republic) and the military group attached to French army adopted flags similar to the Italian tricolor. Probably, the colors have been chosen according to Legione Lombarda flag: it summed Milan city colors (red and white) to the green of Milan Civic Guard uniforms. The same colors were adopted by the Legione Italiana, formed by soldiers coming from Emilia and Romagna.
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The eighteenth-century Sala del Tricolore, now site of the Reggio Emilia Town Council. Here, on 7 January 1797, the first tricolor of the Repubblica Cispadana was adopted.
The first Italian tricolor was adopted on 7 January 1797, in Reggio Emilia, as official flag of the Repubblica Cispadana (Cispadane Republic). It was a horizontal tricolor, with red (top), white and green stripes; in the middle, an emblem composed by a quiver, accolade to a war trophy, with four arrows that symbolized the four provinces forming the Po federation; all within a crown of bay.
The Repubblica Cispadana and the Repubblica Transpadana merged into the Repubblica Cisalpina (Cisalpine Republic), which adopted the vertical Italian tricolor without emblem in 1798, even if in a square shape. The flag was maintained until 1802, after the republic was renamed Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic); in 1802 a new square flag was adopted, with a red field carrying a white rhombus and a green square in the middle of the white rhombus.
In 1799, the Republic of Lucca came under French influence, and adopted as flag a green-white-red horizontal tricolor, up to 1801.
In 1805, after Napoleon had crowned himself French Emperor, the Repubblica Italiana was transformed into the Regno d'Italia (Kingdom of Italy), ruled by Napoleon himself; the flag of the Regno d'Italia was the Repubblica Italiana flag in rectangular shape, with Napoleon's eagle on the central white square. This flag was in use until the abdication of Napoleon in 1814.
Independence and Kingdom of Italy
.svg.png')) 1848 - flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia (and from 1861 of the Kingdom of Italy), with Savoyan coat of arms in the centre. | _crowned.svg.png')) 1848 - The Bandiera di Stato (State Flag) of the Kingdom of Sardinia (and later Italy). | ) 1848 - flag of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany during the First Italian Independence war. The flag bears the coat of arms of the Habsburg-Lorraine family, decorated with Italian tricolours; note, however, that the coat of arms bears the red-white-red flag of Austria, the opponent of Italian unification. | ) 1848-49 - flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. It is the traditional flag of the Kingdom, white with Two Sicilies coat of arms, with red and green border. |
) 1848-49 - flag of the Temporary Government of Venice. It is an Italian tricolour with a white canton bearing the lion of St. Mark. | .svg.png')) 1849 - war flag of the "Repubblica Romana". The state flag had no letters. | ) 1860-61 - flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. |
Between the 1848 and 1861, a sequence of events led to the independence and unification of Italy (apart Venetian region, Rome, and Trento and Trieste, which were united to Italy in 1866, 1870 and 1918 respectively); this period is known as Risorgimento. Throughout this period, the tricolore was the symbol which united all the efforts of the Italian people towards freedom and independence.
1848-1849
In 1848, many states in Italy changed their flags to reflect the commitment of all Italians to the independence of their motherland.The Italian tricolor was adopted as war flag of Kingdom of Sardinia army: it contained Savoy royal house's coat of arms in the white stripe. In his Proclamation to Lombard-Venetian people, Charles Albert of Savoy said that … in order to show more clearly with exterior signs the commitment to Italian unification, We [Charles Albert] want that our troops … have the Savoy shield superimposed on the Italian tricolor flag. Since the Savoy coat of arms had a white cross that mixed with the white stripe of the Italian tricolor, a border was added to the shield, blue as the color of the dynasty.
In the same year, the Granducato di Toscana (Grand Duchy of Tuscany) became constitutional, and dropped the Austrian flag with Austria-Lorraine great coat of arms, in favour of the Italian tricolor with a simplified coat of arms.
The flag of the Regno delle Due Sicilie (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies), which was white with the Borbonic seal in the middle, was modified through the addition of a red and green border. This flag lasted from April 3 1848 to May 19 1849.
In the same year, Venetian people revolted against Austrian government, declaring the birth of the Venice Republic. The flag adopted marked the link to Italian independence and unification efforts; it was the Italian tricolor with, in the upper green canton, a white rectangle bordered with green/white/red colors and charged with the golden St. Mark's lion.
In 1849, Repubblica Romana (Roman Republic) adopted the Italian tricolor with (on the war flag) a double black 'R' on the white stripe.
Kingdom of Italy 1861-1946
The flag of the Kingdom of Italy. On the state flag the shield was crowned
On 15 April 1861, Kingdom of Sardinia/Piedmont flag (the Italian tricolor with Savoy's coat of arms) is declared national flag of the newly-formed Regno d'Italia (Kingdom of Italy).
The Italian tricolor bearing the armorial bearings of the former Royal House of Savoy was the national flag for 85 years until the birth of the Italian Republic.
Italian Social Republic 1943-1945
The state flag of the Italian Social Republic, or Republic of Salo, was identical to the modern flag of the Italian Republic. The state flag was actually quite uncommon, while the war flag, which had a dark-grey eagle clutching fasces in the centre, was very common in propaganda.)
The war flag of the Italian Social Republic
Italian Republic
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20px Ensign of the Italian Navy, the Marina Militare
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20px Civil ensign, used by private citizens at sea
In its current form, the Italian flag was adopted on 1 January 1948, with the introduction of the republican constitution, and the end of the rule of the House of Savoy over Italy. The Italian Constitution states (art. 12) that "The flag of the Republic is the Italian tricolor: green, white and red, in three vertical bands having equal dimensions". The universally adopted ratio is 2:3, while the war flags are squared.
The Italian Naval ensign is composed by the flag of Italy with a rostred crown and the Marina Militare emblem on the white third; the Merchant Navy (Marina Mercantile), use another version without the crown, and with the lion holding a book instead of a sword. The shield is divided into four squares representing the four great maritime republics of Italy: Venice (represented by the lion, top left), Genoa (top right), Amalfi (bottom left), and Pisa (represented by their respective crosses).
Also the President of the Italian Republic has an official standard. The current version is a squared blue flag, with in the middle the flag of the Italian Republic (Napoleonic), with the golden coat of arms of Italy on the green square.
Flag day
In 1997, on the second centenary of the tricolore, January 7 was declared "National Flag Day" (Law no. 671, December 31, 1996). It is a celebratory day, though not a paid holiday.Color specification
In March 2003, after 207 years in service, the colors of the Italian flag were officially specified, but later changed, after hot debates on the chosen shades. As of 2006, the official Pantone textile colors are [2]:- 17-6153 TC (fern green)
- 11-0601 TC (bright white)
- 18-1662 TC (flame scarlet)
The act to decree by law the "authentic" colors of the flag has been criticized by Alessandro Martinelli of Centro Italiano Studi Vessillologici (CISV) as lacking any historical meaning:
| [It should be understood that] "flag colors, being, like arms' colors, symbols are not univocally and physically defined colors; they are rather "ideal" colors, whose perception is and has to be first of all intellectual. This general setup is at the basis of the chromatic system of the original Heraldry, that has never posed itself the problem of shades, in any way. The terms black, white, yellow, red, green, azure need in fact no further explanation to be fully understood. The fundamental error does not lie in pointing out shades or, better, ranges of shades as a guideline for flag manifacturing; this is to some extent admissible: what is unacceptable is the willing to define univocally, and by law, the color with a unique Pantone number and estabilishing that one 'only' is the true flag. What's more, the adoption of the Pantone system, does not only pose undoubted practical limitations, but is most times deemed to remain a dead letter. A brand-new flag would be 'outlawed' within a few days because of the (although slight) discoloration caused by sunlight and atmospherical agents. Without taking into accounts the impossibility to find suitable materials in any corner of the world and under any circumstances. |
Similarities to other flags
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Italian and Mexican flags
Given its possible derivation from the flag of France, the Italian tricolore is similar to many flags that have the same origin. The Italian flag is also similar to the Flag of Ireland, which is green, white and orange, and to the Côte d'Ivoire flag, which is, on the contrary, orange, white and green.
See also
References
- Italy at Flags of the World
- Law no. 671, December 31, 1996 (Italian)
External links
- Il Tricolore at the Italian Republic Presidency website
- Centro Italiano Studi Vessillologici (Italian)
- Commemorative stamp for the 200th anniversary of the Italian tricolor
National flags and coats of arms | |
|---|---|
| National flags | Sovereign states Dependent territories Unrecognized states Formerly independent states |
| National coats of arms | Sovereign states Dependent territories Unrecognized states |
The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon.
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Description of standard flag parts and terms
- Badge
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national flag is a flag that symbolises a country. The flag is flown by the government, but usually can be flown by citizens of that country as well.
Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses often fly the national flag.
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Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses often fly the national flag.
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flag is a piece of woven cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used symbolically for signalling or identification. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed by a flag, or to its depiction in another medium.
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An ensign is a distinguishing flag of a ship or a military unit; or a distinguishing token, emblem, or badge, such as a symbol of office. The word has also given rise to the military rank of "ensign", a rank of junior officer once responsible for bearing the ensign of his unit.
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An ensign is a distinguishing flag of a ship or a military unit; or a distinguishing token, emblem, or badge, such as a symbol of office. The word has also given rise to the military rank of "ensign", a rank of junior officer once responsible for bearing the ensign of his unit.
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January 1 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining. The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
1945 1946 1947 - 1948 - 1949 1950 1951
Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII
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1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
1945 1946 1947 - 1948 - 1949 1950 1951
Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII
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tricolour ("three colours") is a flag or banner more-or-less equally divided (horizontally, vertically, or, less frequently, diagonally) into three bands of differing colours.
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Green is a color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 520–570 nm. It is considered one of the additive primary colors.
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White is the combination of all the colors of the visible light spectrum.[1]. It is sometimes described as an achromatic color, like black.
White is technically achromatic, and not a color, since it has no hue.
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White is technically achromatic, and not a color, since it has no hue.
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Red is any of a number of similar colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of light discernible by the human eye, in the wavelength range of roughly 625–750 nm.
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Anthem
Il Canto degli Italiani
(also known as Fratelli d'Italia)
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Il Canto degli Italiani
(also known as Fratelli d'Italia)
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Italian}}}
Official status
Official language of: European Union
European Union
Switzerland
San Marino
Vatican City
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
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Official status
Official language of: European Union
European Union
Switzerland
San Marino
Vatican City
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
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tricolour ("three colours") is a flag or banner more-or-less equally divided (horizontally, vertically, or, less frequently, diagonally) into three bands of differing colours.
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The Cispadane Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cispadana) was a short-lived republic located in Northern Italy, founded in 1796 with the protection of the French army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte.
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Napoléon I
Emperor of the French
Napoleon in His Study by Jacques-Louis David (1812)
Reign 20 March 1804–6 April 1814
1 March 1815–22 June 1815
Coronation 2 December 1804
Full name Napoléon Bonaparte
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Emperor of the French
Napoleon in His Study by Jacques-Louis David (1812)
Reign 20 March 1804–6 April 1814
1 March 1815–22 June 1815
Coronation 2 December 1804
Full name Napoléon Bonaparte
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The national flag of France (known in French as drapeau tricolore, drapeau bleu-blanc-rouge, drapeau français, rarely, le tricolore and, in military parlance, les couleurs
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The Flag of Milan, Italy consists of a red cross in a white field, and is near identical to the Flag of England or the one of Genoa. This flag with red cross is in fact the flag of St. Ambrose (Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397), the city patron.
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ALPS can refer to:
Countries Austria, France,
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- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
- The Airport Logistics Park of Singapore
Countries Austria, France,
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The evolution of the process that would finally have brought to the Italian Unification (Risorgimento), the Italian Independence wars were three wars fought against the Austrian Empire between 1848 and 1866 and ended with the conquest of the whole Italian territory.
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three Theological Virtues listed in the Bible are:
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- Faith (πίστις)
- Hope (ἐλπίς)
- Love or Charity (
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The Transpadane Republic (Italian: Repubblica Transpadana) was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1796 to June 29 1797.
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The Cispadane Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cispadana) was a short-lived republic located in Northern Italy, founded in 1796 with the protection of the French army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte.
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Cisalpine Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cisalpina) was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802.
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The Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana) was a short-lived (1802-1805) republic, located in Northern Italy. It was a vassal state of the First French Republic of Napoleon.
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The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia, but also Regno Italico; 17 March 1805–11 April 1814) was founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon, and ended with his defeat and fall.
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Napoléon I
Emperor of the French
Napoleon in His Study by Jacques-Louis David (1812)
Reign 20 March 1804–6 April 1814
1 March 1815–22 June 1815
Coronation 2 December 1804
Full name Napoléon Bonaparte
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Emperor of the French
Napoleon in His Study by Jacques-Louis David (1812)
Reign 20 March 1804–6 April 1814
1 March 1815–22 June 1815
Coronation 2 December 1804
Full name Napoléon Bonaparte
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The Transpadane Republic (Italian: Repubblica Transpadana) was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1796 to June 29 1797.
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MILAN (French: Missile d´infanterie léger antichar = Anti-Tank Light Infantry Missile) is a European anti-tank guided missile. Design of the MILAN started in 1962. It was ready for trials in 1971, and was accepted for service in 1972.
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Romagna is an Italian historical region which approximately corresponds to modern Emilia-Romagna region's south-eastern portion. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west.
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