Information about Fire Sprinkler
This article is about the device discharging the water. For the complete system, see fire sprinkler system.
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Fire sprinkler
History
In the 1870s, the Parmelee sprinkler head was introduced in the United States.US regulatory requirements
Fire sprinkler application and installation guidelines, and overall fire sprinkler system design guidelines, are provided by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13, (NFPA) 13D, and (NFPA) 13R.Types
| Temperature | Colour | |
|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | |
| 57 | 135 | Orange |
| 68 | 155 | Red |
| 79 | 174 | Yellow |
| 93 | 200 | Green |
| 141 | 286 | Blue |
| 182 | 360 | Mauve |
| 227 260 | 440 500 | Black |
New Zealand fire
safety standards
indicates the color
of the bulb and the
respective operating
temperature.
Fire sprinklers can be automatic or open orifice. Automatic fire sprinklers operate at a predetermined temperature, utilizing a fusible link, a portion of which melts, or a frangible glass bulb containing liquid which breaks, allowing the plug in the orifice to be pushed out of the orifice by the water pressure in the fire sprinkler piping, resulting in water flow from the orifice. The water stream impacts a deflector, which produces a specific spray pattern designed in support of the goals of the sprinkler type (i.e., control or suppression). Modern sprinkler heads are designed to direct a spray downward. Each individual automatic fire sprinkler operates individually in a fire. Contrary to as often shown in movies, the entire sprinkler system does not activate, unless the system is a special deluge type.
Open orifice sprinklers are only used in water spray systems or deluge sprinklers systems. They are identical to the automatic sprinkler on which they are based, with the heat sensitive operating element removed.
Automatic fire sprinklers utilizing frangible bulbs follow a standardized color coding convention indicating their operating temperature. Activation temperatures correspond to the type of hazard against which the sprinkler system protects. Residential occupancies are provided with a special type of fast response sprinkler with the unique goal of life safety.
| Maximum Ceiling Temperature | Temperature Rating | Temperature Classification | Color Code (with Fusible Link) | Glass Bulb Color |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100°F / 38°C | 135-170°F / 57-77°C | Ordinary | Uncolored or Black | Orange (135°) or Red (155°) |
| 150°F / 66°C | 175-225°F / 79-107°C | Intermediate | White | Yellow (175°) or Green (200°) |
| 225°F / 107°C | 250-300°F / 121-149°C | High | Blue | Blue |
| 300°F / 149°C | 325-375°F / 163-191°C | Extra High | Red | Purple |
| 375°F / 191°C | 400-475°F / 204-246°C | Very Extra High | Green | Black |
| 475°F / 246°C | 500-575°F / 260-302°C | Ultra High | Orange | Black |
| 625°F / 329°C | 650°F / 343°C | Ultra High | Orange | Black |
References
- American Fire Sprinkler Association
- National Fire Sprinkler Association
- National Fire Protection Association
- British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association
Other links
| General: Active fire protection — Fire alarm system Fire suppression: Fire extinguisher — Fire sand bucket — Fire sprinkler — Gaseous fire suppression Detection/alarm: Control panel — Heat detector — Pull station — Notification appliance — Smoke detector Practices: Fire drill — Fire drill regulations | ){kind=tracking} ) |
Fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected.
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Fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected.
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Motto
"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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"In God We Trust" (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum" ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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The National Fire Protection Association (established 1896) is an independent, voluntary-membership, nonprofit (tax-exempt) organization. Incorporated in 1930 under laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, NFPA’s mission is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other
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Anthem
"God Defend New Zealand"
"God Save the Queen" 1
Capital Wellington
Largest city Auckland
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"God Defend New Zealand"
"God Save the Queen" 1
Capital Wellington
Largest city Auckland
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NFPA may refer to:
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- National Fire Protection Association
- National Food Processors Association
- The National Fire Protection Association Fire Diamond
- National Fluid Power Assiociation
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The Fire Safety Equivalency System (FSES) is a system used in the United States to evaluate the overall level of a buildings fire safety. Taking into account that different types of occupancies have different risks associated, separate FSES forms are used for different occupancies.
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Active fire protection (AFP) is an installed fire protection system that detects and/or suppresses structural fires. Typical systems include fire sprinklers, which automatically release water to suppress a fire when a release mechanism is activated by heat, and fire detection
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A fire alarm system is an active fire protection system that detects fire or the effects of fire, and as a result provides one or more of the following: notifies the occupants, notifies persons in the surrounding area, summons the fire service, and controls all the fire alarm
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A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a handheld cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.
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A fire sand bucket or fire bucket is a bucket filled with sand which is used to put out fires. They are often kept next to ovens, barbecues, and other areas where fires can occur. Because oil fires are resistant to water, a fire sand bucket is used.
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Gaseous fire suppression is a term to describe the use of inert gases and chemical agents to extinguish a fire. The system typically consists of the agent, agent storage containers, agent release valves, fire detectors, fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation
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fire alarm control panel, also referred to as a fire alarm panel or FACP, normally referred to as a panel within the active fire protection industry, is a central control device for detecting, reporting and acting on occurrences of fires within a building.
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heat detector is a device that detects heat and can be either electrical or mechanical in operation. The most common types are the thermocouple and the electro-pneumatic, both respond to changes in ambient temperature.
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A fire alarm pull station is an active fire protection device, usually wall-mounted, that, when activated, initiates an alarm on a fire alarm system. In its simplest form, the user activates the alarm by pulling the handle down, which completes a circuit and locks the
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fire alarm notification appliance is an active fire protection component. A notification appliance may use audible, visible, tactile or olfactory stimuli to alert the occupants of a fire or other emergency condition requiring action.
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A smoke detector or smoke alarm is a device that detects smoke and issues an alarm to alert nearby people that there is a potential fire. A household smoke detector will typically be mounted in a disk shaped plastic enclosure about 150mm in diameter and 25mm thick, but the
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fire drill is a method of practicing the evacuation of a building for a fire or other emergency. Generally, the emergency system (usually an alarm) is activated and the building is evacuated as though a real fire had occurred.
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The list of fire drill regulations contains information about regulations concerning fire drills in elementary, middle, and high schools unless otherwise stated.
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United States
Alabama
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