Information about Fern Spike
In paleontology, a fern spike is the occurrence of abundant fern spores in the fossil record, usually immediately (in a geological sense) after an extinction event. The spikes are believed to represent a large, temporary increase in the number of ferns relative to other terrestrial plants, probably because of the extinction or thinning of the latter. Fern spikes are most associated with the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event[1][2], although they have been found at other events such as at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary[3][4]. Away from the fossil record, fern spikes have also been observed to occur in response to local extinction events, for instance the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption.
Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos
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FOSSIL is a standard for allowing serial communication for telecommunications programs under the DOS operating system.
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References
1. ^ Schultz, P.H. and D'Hondt, S. (1996) Cretaceous-Tertiary (Chicxulub) impact angle and its consequences. Geology 24, 963-967
2. ^ Vajda, V., Raine, J.I. and Hollis, C.J. (2001) Indication of global deforestation at the Creataceous-Tertiary boundary by New Zealand fern spike. Science 294, 1700-1702
3. ^ Fowell, S.J. and Olsen, P.E. (1993) Time calibration of Triassic-Jurassic microfloral turnover, eastern North-America. Tectonophysics 222, 361-369
4. ^ Olsen, P. E., Kent, D.V., Sues, H.D., Koeberl, C., Huber, H., Montanari, A., Rainforth, E.C., Fowell, S.J., Szajna, M.J. and Hartline, B.W. (2002) Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Science 296, 1305-1307
2. ^ Vajda, V., Raine, J.I. and Hollis, C.J. (2001) Indication of global deforestation at the Creataceous-Tertiary boundary by New Zealand fern spike. Science 294, 1700-1702
3. ^ Fowell, S.J. and Olsen, P.E. (1993) Time calibration of Triassic-Jurassic microfloral turnover, eastern North-America. Tectonophysics 222, 361-369
4. ^ Olsen, P. E., Kent, D.V., Sues, H.D., Koeberl, C., Huber, H., Montanari, A., Rainforth, E.C., Fowell, S.J., Szajna, M.J. and Hartline, B.W. (2002) Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Science 296, 1305-1307
- Palaeontology redirects here. For the scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal).
Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos
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FERN
Charity
Founded 1995, The Netherlands
Headquarters Brussels, Belgium and Moreton-in-Marsh, UK
Key people Jutta Kill
Leontien Krul
Iola Leal Riesco
Judith Neyer
Saskia Ozinga
Industry Environmentalism
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Charity
Founded 1995, The Netherlands
Headquarters Brussels, Belgium and Moreton-in-Marsh, UK
Key people Jutta Kill
Leontien Krul
Iola Leal Riesco
Judith Neyer
Saskia Ozinga
Industry Environmentalism
..... Click the link for more information.
spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersion and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and some protozoans.
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- For other uses of the term, see Fossil (disambiguation)
FOSSIL is a standard for allowing serial communication for telecommunications programs under the DOS operating system.
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Oceanic crust 0-20 Ma
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For the Big Finish Productions audio play, see .
An extinction event (also known as: mass extinction; extinction-level event, ELE) is a sharp decrease in the number of species in a relatively short period of time...... Click the link for more information.
Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
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Haeckel, 1866[1]
Divisions
Green algae
- Chlorophyta
- Charophyta
- Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)
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extinction is the cessation of existence of a species or group of taxa, reducing biodiversity. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of that species (although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point).
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Thinning is a term used in agricultural sciences to mean the removal of some plants, or parts of plants, to make room for the growth of others.
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Forestry
Thinning in forestry is the selective removal of trees, primarily undertaken to improve the growth rate or health of the..... Click the link for more information.
The Triassic is a geologic period that extends from about 251 to 199 Ma (million years ago). As the first period of the Mesozoic Era, the Triassic follows the Permian and is followed by the Jurassic. Both the start and end of the Triassic are marked by major extinction events.
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The Jurassic Period is a major unit of the geologic timescale that extends from about 199.6 ± 0.6 Ma (million years ago) to 145.4 ± 4.0 Ma, the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous.
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The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was a major catastrophic volcanic eruption. The eruption was the most significant to occur in the contiguous 48 U.S. states in recorded history (VEI = 5, 0.3 cu mi, 1.
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