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Information about Fell



Fell (from the Old Norse fjall, 'mountain') is a word used to refer to mountains, or certain types of mountainous landscape, in parts of England and Scandinavia.

England

In Northern England, especially in the Lake District and in the Pennine Dales, the word "fell" originally referred to an area of uncultivated high ground used as common grazing. This meaning is found in the names of various breeds of livestock bred for life on the uplands, such as Rough Fell sheep and fell ponies. It is also found in many place names across the North of England, often attached to the name of a community; thus Seathwaite Fell, for example, would be the common grazing land used by the farmers of Seathwaite.

Today, however, the most common usage of the word "fell" is to refer to a person who may stumble or slip on something which causes them to fall to the ground, or it can refer to any one of the mountains and hills of the Lake District and the Pennine Dales. This meaning tends to overlap with the previous one, especially where place names are concerned: in particular, names that originally referred to grazing areas tend to be applied to hilltops, as is the case with the aforementioned Seathwaite Fell. In other cases the reverse is true: for instance, the name of Wetherlam, in the Coniston Fells, though understood to refer to the mountain as a whole, strictly speaking refers to the summit; the slopes have names such as Tilberthwaite High Fell, Low Fell and Above Beck Fells.

Groups of cairns are a common feature on many fells, often marking the summit - there are fine examples on Wild Boar Fell in Mallerstang Dale, Cumbria, and on 'Nine Standards Rigg' just outside Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria.

As the most mountainous region of England, the Lake District is the area most closely associated with the sport of fell running, which takes its name from the fells of the district. "Fellwalking" is also the term used locally for the activity known in the rest of Great Britain as hillwalking.

Scandinavia and Finland

In Scandinavia, a fell (fjeld in Danish, fjell in Norwegian, fjäll in Swedish, duottar in Northern Sámi, tundar in Akkala Sámi, tunturi in Finnish; "duottar" and "tunturi" are from the same Sami origin as the English word tundra, and come from the proto-word form *tōnter) is a treeless mountain landscape that has been shaped by glacier ice earlier in history.

Famous fells in Finland are Halti, Saana, Ylläs, Aakenustunturi and Korvatunturi, the legendary homeplace of Joulupukki, the Finnish Santa Claus.

See also

References

Wainwright, A., "Coniston Old Man" in A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, Book Four: The Southern Fells (London:Francis Lincoln, [1960] 2003), p. 15. ISBN 0-7112-2230-4
Old Norse}}} 
Writing system: Runic, later Latin alphabet.
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: non
ISO 639-3: non

Old Norse
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mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable
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Motto
Dieu et mon droit   (French)
"God and my right"
Anthem
No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is "God Save the Queen".
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Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centred on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe which includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
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Northern England, The North or North of England is a rather ill-defined term, with no universally accepted definition. Its extent may be subject to personal opinion and many companies or organisations have differing definitions as to what it constitutes.
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Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous for its lakes and its mountains (or fells
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The Pennines are a mountain range in England. Often said [1] to be the "backbone of England", they form an unbroken range stretching from the Peak District in the Midlands, through the Yorkshire Dales, parts of Greater Manchester, the West Pennine Moors of Lancashire
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Dale may refer to:

In geography:
  • Valley
In places:
  • Dale, Pembrokeshire, Wales
  • Yorkshire Dales, England
  • Derbyshire Dales, England
  • Dale, Indiana
  • Dale, Pennsylvania
  • Dale, Wisconsin
  • Dale, Wyoming

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Common land (a common), in England and Wales, is a piece of land over which other people—often neighbouring landowners—could exercise one of a number of traditional rights, such as allowing their cattle to graze upon it.
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Grazing generally describes a type of predation in which an herbivore feeds on plants (such as grasses), or more broadly on a multicellular autotrophs (such as kelp). Grazing differs from true predation because the organism being eaten is not killed, and it differs from parasitism
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Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally) to a domesticated animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to make produce such as food or fibre, or for its labour.

Livestock may be raised for subsistence or for profit.
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The Rough Fell is an upland breed of sheep, originating in the UK. It is common on its 'native' fell and moorland farms, its distribution embracing a large proportion of South Cumbria, parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire, North Lancashire and, more recently, upland parts of Devon.
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The Fell Pony is a versatile, working breed of mountain and moorland pony which originates from the North of England around Cumbria. This large pony averages 13-2 hands (1.37 m), with the upper height limit at 14 hands (1.42 m).
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Listed summits of Seathwaite Fell
Name Grid ref Height Status
Seathwaite Fell South Top NY227094 631 m (2,070 ft) Nuttall
Seathwaite Fell 'Traditional' Top NY229102 601 m (1,971 ft) Wainwright

Seathwaite Fell
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mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable
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hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e.g. Box Hill).
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Listed summits of Wetherlam
Name Grid ref Height Status
Black Sails NY282007 745 m (2,444 ft) Hewitt, Nuttall

Wetherlam (2,502 ft) is a mountain in the English Lake District.
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Furness Fells are those hills and mountains in the Furness region of Cumbria, England. Historically part of Lancashire, the Furness Fells or High Furness is the name given to the upland part of Furness, that is, that part of Furness lying north of the line between Ulverston and
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cairn is an artificial pile of stones, often in a conical form. They are usually found in uplands, on moorland, on mountaintops or near waterways.

Purpose

In modern times cairns are often erected as landmarks.
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Wild Boar Fell is a mountain (or more accurately a fell) in Mallerstang on the eastern edge of Cumbria, England. It lies just outside the Yorkshire Dales National Park.
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Mallerstang

Mallerstang ()
|240px|Mallerstang (

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Kirkby Stephen

Population 1,832
OS grid reference NY774085
District Eden
Shire county Cumbria
Region North West
Constituent country England
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    Cumbria (IPA: /ˈkʌmbriə/), is a shire county in the extreme North West of England. Cumbria came into existence as a county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
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    Fell running, also known as mountain running and hill running, is the sport of running and racing, off road, over upland country where the gradient climbed is a significant component of the difficulty.
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    In Britain, the term hillwalking or fellwalking is normally used to describe the recreational practice of walking or climbing in hilly or mountainous terrain, generally with the intention of visiting the tops of hills and mountains.
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    Scandinavia is a historical and geographical region centred on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe which includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
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    Danish}}} 
    Official status
    Official language of:  Denmark
     Greenland
     Faroe Islands
     European Union
    Nordic Council
    Regulated by: Dansk Sprognævn ("Danish Language Committee")
    Language codes
    ISO 639-1: da
    ISO 639-2:
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    Norwegian}}} 
    Official status
    Official language of:  Norway
    Nordic Council
    Regulated by: Norwegian Language Council
    Language codes
    ISO 639-1: no — Norwegian
    nb — Bokml
    nn — Nynorsk
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    Swedish}}} 
    Official status
    Official language of:  European Union
     European Union (in Noarootsi along with Estonian) [1]
     Finland
     Sweden (de facto)
    Nordic Council
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