iPedia Free Information Center

Information about Fads

FAD
Identifiers
CAS number146-14-5
PubChem703
MeSHFlavin-Adenine+Dinucleotide
Properties
Molecular formulaC27H33N9O15P2
Molar mass785.55
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 C, 100 kPa)


In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is the precursor molecule to FADH2. Upon bonding to two hydrogen atoms, FAD is then changed to FADH2 and is turned into an energy-carrying molecule. FAD accommodates two equivalents of Hydrogen; both the hydride and the proton ions. This is used by organisms to carry out energy requiring processes. FAD, and the more common NAD, are reduced in the citric acid cycle during aerobic respiration.



FAD is a coenzyme derived from riboflavin, or vitamin B2. Many oxidoreductases, called flavoenzymes or flavoproteins, require FAD as a prosthetic group which functions in electron transfers. FADH2 may donate electrons either one or two at a time. In the citric acid cycle, FAD is a cofactor for the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase that oxidizes succinate to fumarate.

In the Krebs cycle, FAD is reduced to FADH2. These reduction potentials are used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP in the mitochondria, regenerating FAD.

Additional images


Riboflavin

FADH2

Adenine
CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. They are also referred to as CAS numbers, CAS RNs or CAS #s.
..... Click the link for more information.
PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a component of the National Library of Medicine, which is part of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH).
..... Click the link for more information.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
..... Click the link for more information.
A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. A chemical formula is also a short way of showing how a chemical reaction occurs.
..... Click the link for more information.
Molar mass, symbol M,[1] is the mass of one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound).[2] It is a physical property which is characteristic of each pure substance.
..... Click the link for more information.
standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). This pressure was changed from 1 atm (101.325 kilopascals) by IUPAC in 1990.[1] The standard state of a material can be defined at any given temperature, most commonly 25 degrees Celsius,
..... Click the link for more information.
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.[1] The word "biochemistry" comes from the Greek word βιοχημεία biochēmeia, which means "the chemistry of life.
..... Click the link for more information.
FADH2 (or 1,5-dihydro-FAD) is a derivative of FAD.

See also

  • Flavin

..... Click the link for more information.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ or in older notation DPN+) is an important coenzyme found in cells. It plays key roles as a carrier of electrons and a participant in metabolic redox reactions, as well as in cell signaling.
..... Click the link for more information.
citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the Krebs cycle, or Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle (after Hans Adolf Krebs and Albert Szent-Györgyi who first determined the chemical intermediates and reaction sequence of the cycle), is a series
..... Click the link for more information.
Cellular respiration describes the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in a cell or across the cell membrane to obtain biochemical energy from fuel molecules and the release of the cells' waste products.
..... Click the link for more information.
Coenzymes are small organic non-protein molecules that carry chemical groups between enzymes. They are substrates for enzymes and do not usually form a permanent part of the enzymes' structures.
..... Click the link for more information.
Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in animals. It is the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN, and is therefore required by all flavoproteins.
..... Click the link for more information.
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule (the reductant, also called the hydrogen acceptor or electron donor) to another (the oxidant, also called the hydrogen donor or electron acceptor).
..... Click the link for more information.
Flavoproteins are proteins that contain a nucleic acid derivative of riboflavin: the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN).

Flavoproteins are involved in a wide array of biological processes, including, but by no means limited to, bioluminescence,
..... Click the link for more information.
Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase (EC 1.3.5.1 ; succinate dehydrogenase) is an enzyme complex bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is the only enzyme that participates in both the citric acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (in this role it is
..... Click the link for more information.
citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the Krebs cycle, or Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle (after Hans Adolf Krebs and Albert Szent-Györgyi who first determined the chemical intermediates and reaction sequence of the cycle), is a series
..... Click the link for more information.
electron transport chain associates electron carriers (such as NAD+ and FADH2) and mediating biochemical reactions that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of life.
..... Click the link for more information.
Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in animals. It is the central component of the cofactors FAD and FMN, and is therefore required by all flavoproteins.
..... Click the link for more information.
FADH2 (or 1,5-dihydro-FAD) is a derivative of FAD.

See also

  • Flavin

..... Click the link for more information.
For the programming language Adenine, see .


Adenine is a purine with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine
..... Click the link for more information.


This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.
Herod_Archelaus


page counter