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Information about Facial Muscles

The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerve that, among other things, control facial expression. These muscles are also called mimetic muscles.

Structure

The facial muscles are subcutaneous (just under the skin) muscles that control facial expression. They generally originate on bone, and insert on the skin of the face.

Innervation

The facial muscles are innervated by cranial nerve VII, also known as the facial nerve. In contrast, the nearby masticatory muscles are innervated by the mandibular nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve.

Development

The facial muscles are derived from the second branchial/pharyngeal arch.

List of muscles

The facial muscles comprise:

See also

External Links

The facial nerve is the seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves. It emerges from the brainstem between the pons and the medulla, and controls the muscles of facial expression, and taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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The facial nerve is the seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves. It emerges from the brainstem between the pons and the medulla, and controls the muscles of facial expression, and taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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Mastication or chewing is the process by which food is mashed and crushed by teeth. It is the first step of digestion and it increases the surface area of foods to allow more efficient break down by enzymes.
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The mandibular nerve (V3) is the largest of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Structure

Roots

It is made up of two roots:
  • a large sensory root proceeding from the inferior angle of the trigeminal ganglion.

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The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, also called the fifth nerve or simply V) is responsible for sensation in the face. It is similar to the spinal nerves C2–S5, which are responsible for sensation in the rest of the body.
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In the development of vertebrate animals, the pharyngeal arches (also called branchial arches or gill arches in fish) develop during the fourth and fifth week in utero
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The Occipitofrontalis is a muscle of the human body, with two parts:
  • the "occipital" part/belly, near the occipital bone.
  • the "frontal" part/belly, near the frontal bone.

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The Occipitofrontalis is a muscle of the human body, with two parts:
  • the "occipital" part/belly, near the occipital bone.
  • the "frontal" part/belly, near the frontal bone.

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The Auriculares muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear.
  • The Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem), the smallest of the three, is thin and fan-shaped, and its fibers are pale and indistinct.

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The Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein.

Origin and insertion

It arises by tendinous fibers from the fascia covering the lower part of the nasal bone and upper part of the lateral nasal cartilage.
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The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage.

It consists of two parts, transverse and alar:
  • The transverse part

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The Depressor septi (Depressor alœ nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla.

Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle.

It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip.
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The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial
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The Corrugator supercilii is a small, narrow, pyramidal muscle, placed at the medial end of the eyebrow, beneath the Frontalis and Orbicularis oculi.

It arises from the medial end of the superciliary arch; and its fibers pass upward and lateralward, between the palpebral
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The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle [1].
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The Auriculares muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear.
  • The Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem), the smallest of the three, is thin and fan-shaped, and its fibers are pale and indistinct.

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In human anatomy, the orbicularis oris muscle is the sphincter muscle around the mouth.

It is also one of the muscles used in the playing of all brass instruments and some woodwind instruments.
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The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth.
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The transversus menti, or transverse muscle of the chin, is a facial muscle that is often considered to be the superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle which cross to the other side of the face.
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The risorius arises in the fascia over the parotid gland and, passing horizontally forward, superficial to the platysma, inserts onto the skin at the angle of the mouth. It is a narrow bundle of fibers, broadest at its origin, but varies much in its size and form.
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The Zygomatic major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly. Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII).
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The zygomaticus minor is a muscle of facial expression. It originates on the zygomatic bone and then inserts on the upper lip. It raises the corners of the mouth and is thus used in smiling. Like all muscles of facial expression, it is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII).
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The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone.

Its medial fibers form the angular head
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The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the "lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose". It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal.
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The depressor labii inferioris (or quadratus labii inferioris) is a facial muscle that helps lower the bottom lip.

Structure

This muscle arises from the oblique line of the mandible, and inserts on the skin of the lower lip, blending in with the orbicularis oris
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levator anguli oris (caninus) arises from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen.

Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris.
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The Modiolus can refer to:
  • Modiolus (cochlea)
  • Modiolus (face)
  • Modiolus (genus) - a genus of bivalves of family Mytilidae http://www.rosario.wwc.edu/inverts/Mollusca/Bivalvia/Mytiloida/Mytilidae/Modiolus_modiolus.html http://www.filosofia.

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Buccinator can refer to:
  • buccinator muscle
  • buccinator artery ("buccal" in modern sources)
  • buccinator nerve ("buccal" in modern sources)

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The Mentalis is situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure.

Pathology

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article.

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The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid.

It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the Pectoralis major and Deltoideus; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medialward along the side of the
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