Information about External Carotid Artery
| Artery: | |
|---|---|
) | |
| Arteries of the neck - right side. The external carotid artery arises from the common carotid artery - labeled Common caroti on the figure. | |
) | |
| Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery. (External carotid labeled at bottom left.) | |
| Latin | arteria carotis externa |
| subject #144 551 | |
| Source | common carotid artery |
| Branches | superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal |
| MeSH | Carotid+Artery,+External |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | a_61/12153668 |
Course
The external carotid artery begins at the level of the upper border of thyroid cartilage, and, taking a slightly curved course, passes upward and forward, and then inclines backward to the space behind the neck of the mandible, where it divides into the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries after passing through the parotid gland.It rapidly diminishes in size in its course up the neck, owing to the number and large size of the branches given off from it.
In the child, it is somewhat smaller than the internal carotid; but in the adult, the two vessels are of nearly equal size. At its origin, this artery is more superficial, and placed nearer the middle line than the internal carotid, and is contained within the carotid triangle.
Relations
The external carotid artery is covered by the skin, superficial fascia, Platysma, deep fascia, and anterior margin of the Sternocleidomastoideus; it is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, by the lingual, ranine, common facial, and superior thyroid veins; and by the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus; higher up it passes deeply into the substance of the parotid gland, where it lies deep to the facial nerve and the junction of the temporal and internal maxillary veins.Medial to it are the hyoid bone, the wall of the pharynx, the superior laryngeal nerve, and a portion of the parotid gland.
Lateral to it, in the lower part of its course, is the internal carotid artery.
Posterior to it, near its origin, is the superior laryngeal nerve; and higher up, it is separated from the internal carotid by the Styloglossus and Stylopharyngeus, the glossopharyngeal nerve, the pharyngeal branch of the vagus, and part of the parotid gland.
Branches
- Arising in carotid triangle[1]
- Superior thyroid artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
- Occipital artery
- Posterior auricular artery
- Terminal branches
- Maxillary artery
- Superficial temporal artery
Mnemonics
Mnemonics are traditionally used to commit these branches to memory.[2]Mnemonics using modern terminology include "Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students," "Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS", "Several Angry Ladies Fighting Over PMS" and "Snoopy And Linus Fornicated On Papa’s Music Stand."
Older versions
A memorable mnemonic appears in Samuel Shem’s classic novel The House of God (1978). Here Shem uses the older terms External maxillary artery for Facial artery and Internal maxillary artery for Maxillary artery. The Ascending pharyngeal and Superior thyroid appear in their correct sequence, while the names of the two terminal branches are reversed:- Running through my mind, over and over like Muzak, was a mnemonic for the branches of the external carotid artery: As She Lay Extended Olaf’s Potato Slipped In. And even there, the only one I could remember was Olaf’s, which stood for Occipital. And what the hell use was that?
Additional images
The veins of the neck, viewed from in front. | ) The veins of the thyroid gland. | Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves. | Side of neck, showing chief surface markings. |
References
External links
In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.
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Latin}}}
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
..... Click the link for more information.
In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.
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The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland.
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Relations
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The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery.
It first runs obliquely upward and medialward to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone.
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It first runs obliquely upward and medialward to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone.
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The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the face.
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Structure
The facial artery arises in the carotid triangle from the external carotid artery a little above the lingual..... Click the link for more information.
The ascending pharyngeal artery, the smallest branch of the external carotid, is a long, slender vessel, deeply seated in the neck, beneath the other branches of the external carotid and under the Stylopharyngeus.
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The occipital artery arise opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastic to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles. Other muscles it supplies are deep muscles in the back and neck.
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The posterior auricular artery is a small artery and arises from the external carotid artery, above the Digastric muscle and Stylohyoid muscle, opposite the apex of the styloid process.
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The maxillary artery (or internal maxillary artery in older texts) is an artery that supplies deep structures of the face.
The maxillary artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery, arises behind the neck of the
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Structure
The maxillary artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery, arises behind the neck of the
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superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery.
Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus.
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Its pulse is palpable superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior and superior to the tragus.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body.[1] It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.[1]
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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In human anatomy, the common carotid artery is an artery that supplies the head and neck with oxygenated blood; it divides in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.
..... Click the link for more information.
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The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx.
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For the toad wart, see parotoid gland.
The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing.
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The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing.
..... Click the link for more information.
In human anatomy, the internal carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck that helps supply blood to the brain.
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Classification
Terminologia Anatomica currently breaks the artery into four parts: "cervical", "petrous", "cavernous", and "cerebral"...... Click the link for more information.
The carotid triangle (or superior carotid triangle) is a portion of the anterior triangle of the neck.
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Coverings and boundaries
It is bounded:- behind by the Sternocleidomastoideus;
- below, by the superior belly of the Omohyoideus
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The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid.
It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the Pectoralis major and Deltoideus; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medialward along the side of the
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It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the Pectoralis major and Deltoideus; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medialward along the side of the
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In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid (pronounced /ˌstɚ.noˌkli.dəˈmæs.tɔɪ̯d/) muscles are anterior muscles in the neck that act to flex and rotate the head.
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The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve (XII). The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus and emerges from the medulla oblongata in the preolivary sulcus separating the olive and the pyramid. It then passes through the hypoglossal canal.
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The tongue is the large bundle of skeletal muscles on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition). It is the primary organ of taste. Much of the surface of the tongue is covered in taste buds.
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The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein.
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The anterior facial vein usually unites with the posterior facial vein to form the common facial vein, which crosses the external carotid artery and enters the internal jugular vein at a variable point below the hyoid bone.
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The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein.
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The digastric muscle (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw.
It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.
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It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.
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The Stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying in front of, and above the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve.
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For the toad wart, see parotoid gland.
The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing.
..... Click the link for more information.
The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing.
..... Click the link for more information.
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