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Information about Epidermal Growth Factor

Three dimensional structure of EGF PDB 1EGF
Epidermal growth factor
Identifiers
SymbolEGF
Alt. SymbolsURG
Entrez1950
HUGO3229
OMIM131530
RefSeqNM_001963
UniProtP01133
Other data
LocusChr. 4 q25
Enlarge picture
Diagram showing key components of the MAPK/ERK pathway. In the diagram, "P" represents phosphate. Note EGF at the very top.
Epidermal growth factor or EGF is a growth factor that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Human EGF is a 6045 Da protein with 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds.[1]

Function

EGF acts by binding with high affinity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the cell surface and stimulating the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor (see the second diagram). The tyrosine kinase activity in turn initiates a signal transduction cascade which results in a variety of biochemical changes within the cell - a rise in intracellular calcium levels, increased glycolysis and protein synthesis, and increases in the expression of certain genes including the gene for EGFR - that ultimately lead to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.[2]

EGF-family

EGF is the founding member of the EGF-family of proteins. Members of this protein family have highly similar structural and functional characteristics. Besides EGF itself other family members include:[3] All family members contain one or more repeats of the conserved amino acid sequence:

CX7CX4-5CX10-13CXCX8GXRC

Where X represents any amino acid.[3]

This sequence contains 6 cysteine residues that form three intramolecular disulphide bonds. Disulphide bond formation generates three structural loops that are essential for high affinity binding between members of the EGF-family and their cell-surface receptors.[4]

EGF as Therapeutic Protein

EGF is currently being marketed as a therapeutic protein for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers by at least three companies. Bharat Biotech International, a company based in India, is marketing EGF as REGEN-D, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, based in South Korea, is marketing EGF as Easyef, and the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, in Cuba, is marketing EGF as CITOPROT-P.[5] [6] EGF is also used in a burn treatment cream product, Hebermin, manufactured by Heber Biotec S. A. in Cuba.[6]

References

1. ^ Carpenter G, and Cohen S. (1990). "Epidermal growth factor". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (14): 7709-7712. PMID 2186024. 
2. ^ Fallon JH, Seroogy KB.et al (1984). "Epidermal growth factor immunoreactive material in the central nervous system: location and development". Science 224 (4653): 1107-1109. PMID 6144184. 
3. ^ Dreux AC, Lamb DJ. et al. (2006). "The epidermal growth factor receptors and their family of ligands: their putative role in atherogenesis". Atherosclerosis 186 (1): 38-53. PMID 16076471. 
4. ^ Harris RC, Chung E, and Coffey RJ. (2003). "EGF receptor ligands". Exp. Cell. Res. 284 (1): 2-13. PMID 12648462. 
5. ^ Frew S, Rezaie R.et al (2007). "India’s health biotech sector at a crossroads". Nature Biotechnology 25 (4). 
6. ^ Lopez E, Acevedo B.et al (2002). "Development of Cuban Biotechnology". Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 9 (2). 

External link

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Animal intercellular signaling peptides and proteins
Growth factorsEpidermal growth factor - Fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) - Nerve growth factor - Platelet-derived growth factor - Transforming growth factor (TGFα, TGFβ, TGFβ pathway)
OtherHedgehog (Sonic hedgehog) - Integrin - JAK/STAT (JAK/STAT) - MAPK/ERK pathway (MAPK/ERK) - NF-kB - Notch (Notch 1, Notch 3) - p53 - Wnt (Frzb)
 •  • [ e]
Hormones: gastrointestinal hormones
CCK - EGF - GIP - Gastrin releasing peptide - Gastrins - Proglucagon - Motilin - Peptide YY -Prokineticin - Secretin - VIP
Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a repository for 3-D structural data of proteins and nucleic acids. This data, typically obtained by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, is submitted by biologists and biochemists from around the world, is released into the public domain,
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The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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The term growth factor refers to a naturally occurring protein capable of stimulating cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation. Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes.
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The term cell growth is used in two different ways in biology.

When used in the context of reproduction of living cells the phrase "cell growth" is shorthand for the idea of "growth in cell populations by means of cell reproduction.
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The word proliferation can refer to:
  • Nuclear proliferation
  • Chemical weapon proliferation
  • The spread in use of other weapons systems
  • Cell proliferation
  • The proliferative phase of wound healing

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Cellular differentiation is a concept from developmental biology describing the process by which cells acquire a "type". The morphology of a cell may change dramatically during differentiation, but the genetic material remains the same, with few exceptions.
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The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular masses. It is defined to be one twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of the carbon-12 nuclide, at rest and in its ground state.
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Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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amino acid is a molecule that contains both amine and carboxyl functional groups. In biochemistry, this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent.
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In chemistry, a disulfide bond is a single covalent bond derived from the coupling of thiol groups. The linkage is also called an SS-bond or disulfide bridge. The overall connectivity is therefore C-S-S-C.
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Affinity may refer to:
  • Chemical affinity - the force of attraction between chemical species.
  • Biochemistry, protein-ligand binding affinity
  • Biology, cell affinity refers to how close a cell group tightly to the surrounding cells.

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epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands.
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tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine residue in a protein. Tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of the larger class of protein kinases.
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In biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another, most often involving ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell, that are carried out by enzymes, activated by second messengers resulting in
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Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.[1] The word "biochemistry" comes from the Greek word βιοχημεία biochēmeia, which means "the chemistry of life.
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Calcium (IPA: /ˈkalsiəm/) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078.
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Embden-Meyerhof pathway, initially explained by Gustav Embden and Otto Meyerhof. The term can be taken to include alternative pathways, such as the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway. However, glycolysis will be used here as a synonym for the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
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Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins using DNA and RNA. Biological and artificial methods for creation of proteins differ significantly.
  • For biological protein synthesis, see protein biosynthesis.
  • For artificial protein synthesis, see peptide synthesis.

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For vocabulary, see Glossary of gene expression terms


Gene expression is the process by which the inheritable information in a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as protein or RNA.
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For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see .
A gene is a locatable region of genomic sequence, corresponding to a unit of inheritance, which is associated with regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions.
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DNA replication is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule. This process is important in all known life forms and the general mechanisms of DNA replication are not the same in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
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Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of proteins. It has been shown to play a role in wound healing, cardiac hypertrophy and heart development and function.[1]

References

1.

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Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is upregulated in some human cancers. It is produced in macrophages, brain cells, and keratinocytes, and induces epithelial development. It is closely related to EGF, and can also bind to the EGF receptor with similar effects .
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Amphiregulin is a member of the EGF family of proteins. Amphiregulin is a major autocrine growth factor for cultured human keratinocytes and probably plays a role in the aberrant keratinocyte growth of hyperproliferative disorders.
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Epiregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor family.

External links

  • MeSH epiregulin

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