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Information about Endostyle

An endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. It is also called the hypopharyngeal groove. The endostyle in larval lampreys (ammocetes) metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates. However, Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalocordates.

Since the endostyle is found in the three branches of chordates, it is presumed to have arisen in the common ancestor of these taxa, along with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water.

References

cilium (plural cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are thin, tail-like projections extending approximately 5–10 micrometers outwards from the cell body.
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The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea.
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highly specialized aspect of its associated subject.
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Mucus is a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body.
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Urochordata
Giribet et al., 2000

Classes

Ascidiacea (2,300 species)
Thaliacea
Appendicularia
Sorberacea

Urochordata (sometimes known as tunicata and commonly called urochordates, tunicates, sea squirts
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Cephalochordata
Owen, 1846

Class: Leptocardii

Families

Asymmetronidae
Branchiostomidae

The lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata, traditionally known as amphioxus
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Petromyzontiformes

Family: Petromyzontidae

Subfamilies

Geotriinae
Mordaciinae
Petromyzontinae

A lamprey (sometimes also called lamprey eel
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The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/œsophagus, Greek οἰσοφάγος), or gullet
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Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure through cell growth and differentiation.
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For other uses, see Thyroid cartilage.


The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. This gland is found in the neck just below the laryngeal prominence.
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In evolutionary biology, homology is any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry. There are examples in different branches of biology. Anatomical structures that perform the same function in different biological species and evolved from the same structure
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Vertebrata
Cuvier, 1812

Classes and Clades

See below
Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns.
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Chordata
Bateson, 1885

Typical Classes

See below

Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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For the journal, see .
A taxon (plural taxa), or taxonomic unit, is a name designating an organism or group of organisms. A taxon is assigned a rank and can be placed at a particular level in a systematic hierarchy reflecting evolutionary
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