Information about Encapsulation (networking)
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In computer networking, encapsulation is to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. This is a method of abstraction for networking by allowing different layers to add features/functionality.
For example (see image), the internet is based upon the Internet Protocol (IP — specifically IPv4) and most applications use either the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Thus, a chunk of user data is encapsulated in a UDP datagram which is then encapsulated in an IP packet which is then sent over a data link layer protocol (e.g., Ethernet). The data link layer is responsible for physical transmission of the data; IP adds addressing of individual computers; UDP adds "application addressing" (i.e., the port specifies the service like a web or TFTP server).
Both the OSI model and internet protocol suite use encapsulation.
When encapsulating, the more abstract layer is called the upper layer protocol (ULP) while the more specific layer is called the lower layer protocol (LLP). In the example given, UDP is the ULP to IP while ethernet is the LLP to IP.
See also
as a college campus, industrial complex, or a military base. A CAN, may be considered a type of MAN (metropolitan area network), but is generally limited to an area that is smaller than a typical MAN.
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In computer networking, the upper layer protocol (ULP) refers to the more abstract protocol when performing encapsulation. It contrasts with lower layer protocol which refers to the more specific protocol.
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In computer networking, the lower layer protocol (LLP) refers to the more specific protocol when performing encapsulation. It contrasts with upper layer protocol which refers to the more abstract protocol.
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In computer science, abstraction is a mechanism and practice to reduce and factor out details so that one can focus on a few concepts at a time.
The following English definition of abstraction helps to understand how this term applies to Computer Science, IT and Objects - i.
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The following English definition of abstraction helps to understand how this term applies to Computer Science, IT and Objects - i.
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Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
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Internet protocol may refer to:
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- The Internet Protocol, a data-oriented protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork
- The Internet protocol suite, a set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet runs
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Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth iteration of the Internet Protocol (IP) and it is the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. IPv4 is the dominant network layer protocol on the Internet and apart from IPv6 it is the only standard internetwork-layer protocol
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User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Using UDP, programs on networked computers can send short messages sometimes known as datagrams (using Datagram Sockets) to one another.
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The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. TCP provides reliable, in-order delivery of a stream of bytes, making it suitable for applications like file transfer and e-mail.
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data link layer is layer two of the seven-layer OSI model as well as of the five-layer TCP/IP reference model. It responds to service requests from the network layer and issues service requests to the physical layer.
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Ethernet is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). The name comes from the physical concept of the ether. It defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for the physical layer, through means of network access at the Media
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port is a special number present in the header of a data packet. Ports are typically used to map data to a particular process running on a computer.
Ports can be readily explained with an analogy: think of IP addresses as the street address of an apartment building, and the
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Ports can be readily explained with an analogy: think of IP addresses as the street address of an apartment building, and the
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web server can mean one of two things:
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- A computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients, which are known as web browsers, and serving them HTTP responses along with optional data contents, which usually are web pages such as HTML documents and
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Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a very simple file transfer protocol, with the functionality of a very basic form of FTP; it was first defined in 1980.
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Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model for short) is a layered, abstract description for communications and computer network protocol design, developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) initiative.
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The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols that implement the protocol stack on which the Internet and most commercial networks run. It has also been referred to as the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is named after two of the most important protocols in it:
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In computer networking, the upper layer protocol (ULP) refers to the more abstract protocol when performing encapsulation. It contrasts with lower layer protocol which refers to the more specific protocol.
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In computer networking, the lower layer protocol (LLP) refers to the more specific protocol when performing encapsulation. It contrasts with upper layer protocol which refers to the more abstract protocol.
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A tunneling protocol is a network protocol which encapsulates a payload protocol, acting as a payload protocol. Reasons to tunnel include carrying a payload over an incompatible delivery network, or to provide a secure path through an untrusted network.
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