Information about Economic Geography
Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organisation of economic activities across the Earth. It focuses on the location of industries and retail and wholesale businesses, on transportation and trade, and on the changing value of real estate. Courses in economic geography may cover such topics as transportation, agriculture, industrial location, world trade, and the spatial organisation and function of business activity.
Geology can affect resource availability, geomorphology, the cost of transportation, and the quality of soiled land alter economic activities. Climate can influence natural resource availability (forestry products) and location or type of agriculture (see growing region). The social and political factors that are unique to a particular region also have an impact on economic decisions and further distributions of these activities.
One of the main topics in contemporary economic geography is globalisation which greatly influences location, distribution and character of economic activities around the world. States and their borders play less significant role as many countries tend to eliminate the effects of borders and deepen the mutual cooperation on the global scale. Border regions that are often economically marginal and underdeveloped are also better cooperating with each other. The best example is the creation of European Union. Significant characteristics is also the occurrence of large business clusters that are forming around the world.
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Geology can affect resource availability, geomorphology, the cost of transportation, and the quality of soiled land alter economic activities. Climate can influence natural resource availability (forestry products) and location or type of agriculture (see growing region). The social and political factors that are unique to a particular region also have an impact on economic decisions and further distributions of these activities.
Areas of Study
Economic geography research focuses on the study of spatial aspects of economic activities on various scales. The distance to the city (or Central business district) as a marketplace with demand for products plays a significant role in economic decisions of firms while other factors such as access to the sea and the presence of raw materials like oil affects the economic conditions of countries. Singapore, for example, occupies a key position as a seaport, while the wealth of Saudi Arabia depends almost entirely on oil.One of the main topics in contemporary economic geography is globalisation which greatly influences location, distribution and character of economic activities around the world. States and their borders play less significant role as many countries tend to eliminate the effects of borders and deepen the mutual cooperation on the global scale. Border regions that are often economically marginal and underdeveloped are also better cooperating with each other. The best example is the creation of European Union. Significant characteristics is also the occurrence of large business clusters that are forming around the world.
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Approaches to study
- Theoretical economic geography focuses on building theories about spatial arrangement and distribution of economic activities.
- Historical economic geography examines history and the development of spatial economic structure.
- Regional economic geography examines the econom
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ic conditions of particular regions or countries of the world. It deals with economic regionalisation as well.- Critical economic geography is approach from the point of view of contemporary critical geography and its philosophy.
- Behavioral economic geography examines the cognitive processes underlying spatial reasoning, locational decision making, and behavior of firms[1] and individuals.
Subdivision
Thematically economic geography can be divided into these subdisciplines:- Geography of agriculture
- Geography of industry
- Internet Geography
- Geography of services
- Geography of transportation
- and others
History of economic geography
In the history of economic geography there were many influences coming mainly from economics and geographical sciences.
First traces of the study of spatial aspects of economic activities on Earth can be found in Strabo's Geographika written almost 2000 years ago.
During the period known in geography as environmental determinism notable (though later much criticized) influence came from Ellsworth Huntington and his theory of climatic determinism.
Valuable contributions came from location theorists such as Johann Heinrich von Thünen or Alfred Weber. Other influential theories were Walter Christaller's Central place theory, the theory of core and periphery.
Big impact on economic geography had the Fred K. Schaefer's article Exceptionalism in geography: A Methodological Examination published in American journal Annals (Association of American Geographers) and his critique of regionalism. The article became a rallying point for the younger generation of economic geographers who were intent on reinventing the discipline as a science. Quantitative methods became prevailing in research. Well-known economic geographers of this period are William Garrison, Brian Berry, Waldo Tobler, Peter Haggett, William Bunge and others.
Contemporary economic geographers tend to specialize in areas such as location theory and spatial analysis (with the help of geographic information systems), market research, geography of transportation, land or real estate price evaluation, regional and global development, planning, Internet geography, and others.References
1. ^ Schoenberger, E. (2001): ''Corporate autobiographies: the narrative strategies of corporate strategists''. Journal of Economic Geography 1, 277-98.
Further reading
- Lloyd, P. E. - Dicken, P. (1977): Location in space - A Theoretical Approach to Economic Geography, Second Edition. Harper & Row Ltd, London.
- Massey, D. (1984): Spatial Divisions of Labour, Social Structures and the Structure of Production, MacMillan, London.
- Lee, R. - Wills, J. (1997): Geographies of Economies, Arnold, London.
- Dicken, P. (2003): Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century, Fourth Edition. The Guilford Press.
Scientific Journals
Economic Geography - founded and published quarterly at Clark University since 1925
Journal of Economic Geography - published by Oxford University Press since 2001
Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie - The German Journal of Economic Geography published since 1956.
Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie (TESG) - Published by The Royal Dutch Geographical Society (KNAG) since 1948.See also
- list of economic geography topics
- industrial geography
- location theory
- spatial analysis
- development geography
- regional science
- retail geography
- Business cluster
- Gravity model of trade
EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001. Their greatest hit, their debut single "time after time", peaked at #13 in the Oricon singles chart.
..... Click the link for more information.A growing region is an area suited by climate and soil conditions to the cultivation of a certain type of crop. Most crops are cultivated not in one place only, but in several distinct regions in diverse parts of the world.
..... Click the link for more information.central business district (CBD) (also called 'Downtown' in American English) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city. In the United Kingdom, Australia, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore and parts of South Africa, the
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually situated at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake. Ports often have cargo-handling equipment such as cranes (operated by longshoremen) and forklifts for use in loading/unloading of ships, which may
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"There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is His messenger" (the Shahadah)
Anthem
"Aash Al Maleek"
"Long live the King"
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Globalization (or Globalisation
..... Click the link for more information.“EU” redirects here. For other uses, see EU (disambiguation).
..... Click the link for more information.A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field. Clusters are considered to increase the productivity with which companies can compete, nationally and globally.
..... Click the link for more information.Historical geography is the study of the human, physical, fictional, theoretical, and "real" geographies of the past. Historical geography studies a wide variety of issues and topics.
..... Click the link for more information.Geography
History of geography- Age of Discovery
- Environmental determinism
- Regional geography
- Quantitative revolution
- Critical geography
..... Click the link for more information.Regionalisation refers to the tendency to form regions or the process of doing so.- In geography, the process of delineating the Earth into regions.
- In globalization discourse, a world that becomes less interconnected, with a stronger regional focus.
..... Click the link for more information.Geography
History of geography- Age of Discovery
- Environmental determinism
- Regional geography
- Quantitative revolution
- Critical geography
The development of critical geography
..... Click the link for more information.Geography
History of geography- Age of Discovery
- Environmental determinism
- Regional geography
- Quantitative revolution
- Critical geography
The development of critical geography
..... Click the link for more information.Behavioral geography is an approach to Human Geography that examines human behavior using a disaggregate approach. Behavioral Geographers focus on the cognitive processes underlying spatial reasoning, decision making, and behavior.
..... Click the link for more information.Geography - (from the Greek words Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαία), both meaning "Earth", and graphein (γράφειν) meaning "to describe" or "to write"
..... Click the link for more information.Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Greek for oikos (house) and nomos (custom or law), hence "rules of the house(hold).
..... Click the link for more information.Geography - (from the Greek words Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαία), both meaning "Earth", and graphein (γράφειν) meaning "to describe" or "to write"
..... Click the link for more information.Strabo[1] (Greek: Στράβων; 63/64 BC – ca. AD 24) was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. He is mostly famous for his 17-volume work Geographica
..... Click the link for more information.Geography
History of geography- Age of Discovery
- Environmental determinism
- Regional geography
- Quantitative revolution
- Critical geography
..... Click the link for more information.Ellsworth Huntington (1876 – 1947) was a professor of geology and climatology and economics at Yale University during the early 20th century, known for his studies on climatic determinism, economic growth and economic geography.
..... Click the link for more information.Climatic determinism or environmental determinism is an aspect of economic geography. Also sometimes called the equatorial paradox. According to this theory, about 70% of the economic development of a country can be predicted from the distance between that country
..... Click the link for more information.Johann Heinrich von Thünen (24 June 1783 - 22 September 1850) "ranks alongside Marx as the greatest economist of the nineteenth century" (Fernand Braudel). Von Thünen was a Mecklenburg (north German) landowner, who in the first volume of his treatise, The Isolated State
..... Click the link for more information.For the Swiss, see .
Alfred Weber (July 30 1868 in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany - May 2 1958 in Heidelberg) was a German economist, sociologist and theoretician of culture whose work was influential in the development of modern economic geography.
..... Click the link for more information.Walter Christaller (1893 – 1969), was a German geographer whose principal contribution to the discipline is Central Place Theory [1], first published in 1933.
..... Click the link for more information.Central Place Theory is a geographical theory that seeks to explain the size and spacing of human settlements. It rests on the notion that centralization is a natural principle of order and that human settlements follow it.
..... Click the link for more information.Fred K. Schaefer (Berlin, 7 July 1904 - USA, 6 June 1953) was a geographer. He is considered as one of the pioneers of quantitative revolution.
Kurt Schaefer was a whole man, a conscious member of the human race, a scientist, and an intellectual who remembered his
..... Click the link for more information.William Louis Garrison (born 1924) is an American geographer and transportation analyst, currently a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. While at the University of Washington in the 1950s, Garrison led the "quantitative revolution" in geography, which
..... Click the link for more information.Brian J .L. Berry is Lloyd Viel Berkner Regental Professor at the University of Texas at Dallas. His urban and regional research in the 1960s sparked geography’s social-scientific revolution and made him the most-cited geographer for more than 25 years.
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