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Information about Dysbindin

dysbindin
Identifiers
SymbolDTNBP1
Entrez84062
HUGO17328
OMIM607145
UniProtQ96EV8
Other data
LocusChr. 6 p22.3
Dysbindin, short for dystrobrevin-binding protein 1, is a protein constituent of the dystrophin-associated protein complex of skeletal muscle cells. Dysbindin was discovered by the research group of Derek Blake via yeast two-hybrid screening for binding partners of α-dystrobrevin.[1] In addition, dysbindin is found in neural tissue of the brain, particularly in axon bundles and especially in certain axon terminals, notably mossy fiber synaptic terminals in the cerebellum and hippocampus.[1] Dysbindin plays an integral role in mediating pre-synaptic glutamate release, which may be an important factor in it's implications for mental illness.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VRT-4HV7CDJ-6&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F24%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=46ca79c561a6281439f8286644a5be4f>

Implications for Schizophrenia

Much interest in dysbindin has arisen through pedigree-based family-association studies of families with a history of schizophrenia, where a strong association was found between expression of a particular dysbindin allele and a clinical expression of schizophrenia.[4] However, the exact link between dysbindin and schizophrenia remains highly controversial.

References

1. ^ Benson et al (2001). "Dysbindin, a novel coiled-coil-containing protein that interacts with the dystrobrevins in muscle and brain". J Biol Chem 276 (26): 24232-41. PMID 11316798. 
4. ^ Straub et al (2002). "Genetic variation in the 6p22.3 gene DTNBP1, the human ortholog of the mouse dysbindin gene, is associated with schizophrenia". Am J Hum Genet 71 (2): 337-48. PMID 12098102. 

External links

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Histology: muscle tissue
skeletal muscle/generalepimysium, fascicle, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fiber (intrafusal, extrafusal), myofibril sarcomere (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines), myofilaments (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin), tropomyosin, troponin (T, C, I) costamere (dystrophin, α,β-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin/desmuslin, dysbindin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, sarcospan), desmin neuromuscular junction, motor unit, muscle spindle, excitation-contraction coupling, sliding filament mechanism myoblast, satellite cell, sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubule
cardiac musclemyocardium, intercalated disc, nebulette
smooth musclecalmodulin, vascular smooth muscle
The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
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Hugo is a male given name, a latinized form of the name Hugh, a German/Teutonic name meaning "Bright in Mind and Spirit".

Hugo is one of the most popular names in Europe ranking as high as #2 in France, #6 in Spain, and #7 in Belgium in 2006.
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Swiss-Prot is a manually curated biological database of protein sequences. Swiss-Prot was created in 1986 by Amos Bairoch during his PhD and developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the European Bioinformatics Institute.
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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Dystrophin is a rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane.
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Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints; via contraction.
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Dr Derek Blake was, until 2007, the Isobel Laing Post-Doctoral Fellow in Biomedical Sciences, and the Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Basic Biomedical Science, Oriel College, Oxford.

He holds a doctorate (D.Phil.) and a Bachelor's (B.Sc. from Liverpool).
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A. Gal4 transcription factor gene produces two domain protein (BD and AD) which is essential for transcription of the reporter gene (LacZ).
B,C. Two fusion proteins are prepared: Gal4BD+Bait and Gal4AD+Prey.
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Nervous tissue is the fourth major class of vertebrate tissue. The function of the nervous tissue is in communication between parts of the body. It is composed of neurons, which transmit impulses, and the neuroglia, which assist propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide
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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.

Anatomy


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In neuroscience, the term fiber describes a bundle of axons projecting from one group of neurons in a specific area to another. The term may refer to one of two specific mossy fiber locations, which share little similarity aside from their name:

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synapse. Synapses allow nerve cells to communicate with one another through axons and dendrites, converting electrical impulses into chemical signals.]]

Chemical synapses
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The cerebellum (Latin: "little brain") is a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output. Many neural pathways link the cerebellum with the motor cortex—which sends information to the muscles causing them
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The hippocampus is a part of the forebrain, located in the medial temporal lobe. It forms a part of the limbic system and plays a part in memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain.
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Glutamic acid or glutamate (abbreviated as Glu or E; Glx or Z represents either glutamic acid or glutamine), is the protonated form of glutamate (the anion). Glutamate is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids.
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MeSH D001523 Mental disorder or mental illness are terms used to refer a psychological or physiological pattern that occurs in an individual and is usually associated with distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture.
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Pedigree can refer to:
  • Pedigree (animal)
  • Pedigree chart, used by genealogists to record ancestry
  • Pedigree Petfoods, a company that manufactures pet food
  • Marston's Pedigree, an English ale

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Schizophrenia
Classification & external resources

Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) coined the term "Schizophrenia" in 1908
ICD-10 F 20.
ICD-9 295

OMIM 181500
DiseasesDB 11890
MedlinePlus 000928
eMedicine med/2072   emerg/520


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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Histology (from the Greek ἱστός) is the study of tissue sectioned as a thin slice, using a microtome. It can be described as microscopic anatomy.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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Skeletal muscle is a type of striated muscle, usually attached to the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints; via contraction.
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Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium.
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In anatomy, a fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.

Specialized muscle fibers in the heart which transmit electrical impulses from the Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) to the Purkinje Fibers are fascicles, also referred to as bundle
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Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue which groups individual muscle fibers ( anywhere between 10 to 100 or more) into bundles or fascicles

See also

  • Endomysium

External links

  • Histology at cytochemistry.

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The endomysium, literally meaning within the muscle, is a layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and is composed mostly from reticular fibers. It also contains capillaries, nerves and lymphatics.
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muscle fiber, also spelled muscle fibre (see spelling differences), also technically known as a myocyte, is a single cell of a muscle. Muscle fibers contain many myofibrils, the contractile unit of muscles.
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Intrafusal fibers are muscle fibers that comprise the muscle spindle. These fibers are walled off from the rest of the muscle by a collagen sheath. This sheath has a spindle or "fusiform" shape, hence the name "intrafusal.
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Extrafusal muscle fibers are a class of muscle fiber innervated by alpha motor neurons.

They are motor neurons and generate tension, mechanical work and allow for movement by contracting.
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