Information about Dromedary

Dromedary Camel
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Camelidae Genus: Camelus Species: C. dromedarius
Binomial name
Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758
Dromedary range Dromedary range

The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa and western Asia. It is often referred to as the one-humped camel, Arabian camel, or simply as the "dromedary". The world's only population of dromedaries exhibiting wild behaviour is an introduced feral population in Australia.

The dromedary is also the best-known member of the camel family. Other members of the camel family include the llama and the alpaca in South America. The dromedary camel has one hump on its back, in contrast to the Bactrian camel which has two. Some maintain that the name "dromedary" should be used to refer only to racing camels (the name comes from the Greek for to run). The Oakland Zoo website states:

The name "Dromedary" is properly reserved for the Arabian racing camel such as those used in the various military camel corps.^[1]

Anatomy

Adult males grow to a height of 1.8–2 m, and females to 1.7–1.9 m. The weight is usually in the range of 400–600 kg for males, with females being 10% lighter. They show remarkable adaptability in body temperature, from 34 °C to 41.7 °C, this being an adaptation to conserve water.^[2]

Male dromedaries have a soft palate, which they inflate to produce a deep pink sack, called a doula in Arabic, hanging out of the sides of their mouth to attract females during the mating season. Dromedaries are also noted for their thick eyelashes and small, hairy ears.

Reproduction

Gestation in the dromedary lasts around 15 months. Usually a single calf is born, and nursed for up to 18 months. Females are sexually mature after 3 to 4 years, males after 5 to 6 years.^[2] Lifespan in captivity is typically about 25 years, with some animals reaching the age of 50.

Domestication

Originally native to western Asia and East Africa, dromedaries were first domesticated in central or southern Arabia some thousands of years ago. Experts are divided regarding the date: some believe it was around 4000 BC, others as recently as 1400 BC. There are currently almost 13 million domesticated dromedaries, mostly in the area from Western India via Pakistan through Iran to northern Africa. None survive in the wild in their original range, although the escaped population of Australian feral camels is estimated to number at least 500,000.^[3] Around the second millennium BCE, the dromedary was introduced to Egypt and North Africa.

Although there are several other camelids, the only other surviving species of true camel today is the Bactrian Camel. The Bactrian camel was domesticated sometime before 2500 BCE in Asia, well after the earliest estimates for the dromedary. The Bactrian camel is a stockier, hardier animal, being able to survive from Iran to Tibet.^[4] The dromedary is taller and faster: with a rider they can maintain 8-9 mph (13 - 14,5 km/h) for hours at a time. By comparison, a loaded Bactrian camel moves at about 2.5 mph (4 km/h).^[5]

Uses

Modern domesticated dromedaries are used for milk and meat and as beasts of burden for cargo and passengers. Unlike horses, they kneel for the loading of passengers and cargo. Dromedaries have an ill-deserved reputation for being bad-tempered and obstinate creatures that spit and kick. In reality, they tend to be amiable, patient, and intelligent. A camel will show displeasure by stamping its feet and running. At many of the desert located tourist sites in Egypt, mounted police on camels can be seen.

History

Around the second millennium BC, camels had become established in the Sahara region but disappeared again from the Sahara beginning around 900 BC. The Persian invasion of Egypt under Cambyses introduced domesticated camels to the area. Domesticated camels were used through much of North Africa, and the Romans maintained a corps of camel warriors to patrol the edge of the desert. The Persian camels, however, were not particularly suited to trading or travel over the Sahara; rare journeys made across the desert were made on horse-drawn chariots.

The stronger and more durable Bactrian camels first began to arrive in Africa in the fourth century. It was not until the Islamic conquest of North Africa, however, that these camels became common. While the invasion was accomplished largely on horseback, the new links to the Middle East allowed camels to be imported en masse. These camels were well-suited to long desert journeys and could carry a great deal of cargo. For the first time this allowed substantial trade over the Sahara.

See also

• Camel wrestling

External links

• Dromedary and Bactrian camel hybrids (cross-breeding)
• A-Z of the Arabian Camel
• Camel Pictures & Facts A comprehensive look at camels and their vital role in history.
• Information & Photos of a Desert Arabian Camel Birth

References

•  • [ e] Camelids
Afro-Asiatic Camelids: Bactrian Camel - Dromedary
South American Camelids: Alpaca - Guanaco - Llama - Vicua
Hybrid: Cama