Developing Countries

Information about Developing Countries

High human development Medium human development Low human development Unavailable(colour-blind compliant map)

Developing countries not listed as least developed countries or as newly industrialized countries, in their respective articles.

Newly industrialized countries, according to their respective articles.

A developing country has a relatively low standard of living, an undeveloped industrial base, and a moderate to low Human Development Index (HDI) score. In developing countries, there is low per capita income, widespread poverty, and low capital formation. The term has tended to edge out earlier ones, including the Cold War-defined "Third World", which has come to have unintentional negative connotations associated with it, but new terms such as less developed country (LDC) or less economically developed country (LEDC) have not caught on yet. LEDC is a term used by modern geographers to portray the countries classified as "developing countries" more accurately, specifying that they are less economically developed, which usually correlates best with other factors such as low human development. The Correlation between an Ledc and Medc, is characteristic of a sub-economical organistic system of living.

Development entails a modern infrastructure (both physical and institutional), and a move away from low value added sectors such as agriculture and natural resource extraction. Developed countries, in comparison, usually have economic systems based on continuous, self-sustaining economic growth in the tertiary and quaternary sectors and high standards of living.

The application of the term developing country to some of the world's less developed countries could be considered inappropriate: a number of poor countries are not improving their economic situation (as the term implies), but have experienced prolonged periods of economic decline.

Countries with more advanced economies than developing nations, but which have not yet fully demonstrated the signs of a developed country, are grouped under the term newly industrialized countries.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Measure and concept of development

The development of a country is measured with statistical indexes such as income per capita (per person) (GDP), life expectancy, the rate of literacy, et cetera. The UN has developed the HDI, a compound indicator of the above statistics, to gauge the level of human development for countries where data is available.

Developing countries are in general countries which have not achieved a significant degree of industrialization relative to their populations, and which have a low standard of living. There is a strong correlation between low income and high population growth, both within and between countries.

The terms utilized when discussing developing countries refer to the intent and to the constructs of those who utilize these terms. Other terms sometimes used are less developed countries (LDCs), least economically developed countries (LEDCs), "underdeveloped nations" or "undeveloped nations", Third World nations, and "non-industrialized nations". Conversely, the opposite end of the spectrum is termed developed countries, most economically developed countries (MEDCs), First World nations and "industrialized nations".

To moderate the euphemistic aspect of the word developing, international organizations have started to use the term Less economically developed country (LEDCs) for the poorest nations which can in no sense be regarded as developing. That is, LEDCs are the poorest subset of LDCs. This also moderates the wrong tendency to believe that the standard of living in the entire developing world is the same.

The concept of the developing nation is found, under one term or another, in numerous theoretical systems having diverse orientations — for example, theories of decolonization, liberation theology, Marxism, anti-imperialism, and political economy.

Critics believe that at times the word "developing" is a misnomer. In the case of countries ravaged by European colonialism, the word "re-developing" may be more accurate since there were successful economic systems prior to colonialism. Allegedly due to ethnocentrism, Western analysts generally deem these prior interactions invalid and do not consider them "developed". The premise is that "to develop" is the same thing as "to develop in a western manner".

Typology and names of countries

Countries are often loosely placed into five categories of development. Each category includes the countries listed in their respective article. The term "developing nation" is not a label to assign a specific, similar type of problem.

Developed countries, and their dependencies.
Newly industrialized countries or NICs, nations with economies more advanced and developed than those in the developing world, but not yet with the full signs of a developed country.^[4]^[4]^[4]^[4] NIC is a category between developed and developing countries, and it includes South Africa, Mexico, China, Malaysia, Brazil, India, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey.
Countries with an economy consistently and fairly strongly developing over a longer period: Pakistan, Iran, much of South America, several of the Persian Gulf States, the countries of the former Warsaw Pact and others. (See Emerging markets.)
Countries with an inconsistent record of development: most countries in Africa, Central America, and the Caribbean (except Jamaica, in category 2, and Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory); much of the Arab World; also a few countries from Southeast Asia (Laos and Cambodia). 76% of the world's countries fall under this category.
Countries with long-term civil war or large-scale breakdown of rule of law or non-development-oriented dictatorship ("failed states") (e.g. Afghanistan, Haiti, Somalia, Myanmar, Iraq, North Korea); they sometimes also have low resources.

References

1. ^ Paweł Bożyk (2006). "Newly Industrialized Countries", Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-75-464638-6.
2. ^ Mauro F. Guillén (2003). "Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor", The Limits of Convergence. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-69-111633-4.
3. ^ David Waugh (3rd edition 2000). "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)", Geography, An Integrated Approach. Nelson Thornes Ltd., 563, 576-579, 633, and 640. ISBN 0-17-444706-X.
4. ^ N. Gregory Mankiw (4th Edition 2007). Principles of Economics. ISBN 0-32-422472-9.

The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people, and the way these goods and services are distributed within a population. It is generally measured by standards such as income inequality, poverty rate, real (i.e.
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Industrialisation (also spelt Industrialization) or an Industrial Revolution is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society (an economy where the amount of capital accumulated per capita is low) to an
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Human Development Index (HDI) is the measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and standard of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare.
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Per capita income means how much each individual receives, in monetary terms, of the yearly income that is generated in their country through productive activities. That is what each citizen would receive if the yearly income generated by a country from its productive activities
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The introduction to this article may be too long. Please help improve the introduction by moving some material from it into the body of the article according to the suggestions at Wikipedia's .
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Capital formation is a term used in national accounts statistics and macroeconomics. It basically refers to the net additions to the (physical) capital stock in an accounting period, or, to the value of the increase of the capital stock; though it may occasionally also refer to the
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The Cold War was the period of conflict, tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies from the mid-1940s until the early 1990s.
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Value added refers to the additional value created at a particular stage of production or through image and marketing. In modern neoclassical economics, especially in macroeconomics, it refers to the contribution of the factors of production, i.e.
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Agriculture (from Agri Latin for ager ("a field"), and culture, from the Latin cultura "cultivation" in the strict sense of "tillage of the soil". A literal reading of the English word yields "tillage of the soil of a field".
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Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified (natural) form. A natural resource's value rests in the amount of the material available and the demand for it. The latter is determined by its usefulness to production.
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developed country, or advanced country, is used to categorize countries with developed economies in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate.
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Economic systems

Ideologies and Theories
Primitive communism
Capitalist economy
Corporate economy
Fascist economy
Laissez-faire
Mercantilism
Natural economy
Social market economy
Socialist economy
Communist economy

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Economic growth is the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or GDP. Growth is usually calculated in real terms, i.e.
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newly industrialized country (NIC) is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries around the world by political scientists and economists.

NICs are countries whose economies have not yet reached first world status but have, in a macroeconomic sense,
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Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head.

It is usually used in the field of statistics to indicate the average per person for any given concern, e.g. income, crime rate.
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gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. The GDP of a country is defined as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time (usually a calendar year).
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Homo.
Upper Paleolithic 33 At age 15: 39 (to age 54)^[3]^[4]
Neolithic 20
Bronze Age 18^[5]
Classical Greece 25-45
Classical Rome 25-45
Medieval Britain 20-30
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literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and speak. In modern contexts, the word refers to reading and writing at a level adequate for communication, or at a level that lets one understand and communicate
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In political geography and international politics, a country is a political division of a geographical entity, a sovereign territory, most commonly associated with the notions of state or nation and government.
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correlation, also called correlation coefficient, indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two random variables. In general statistical usage, correlation or co-relation refers to the departure of two variables from independence.
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population is the collection of people or organisms of a particular species living in a given geographic area or mortality, and migration, though the field encompasses many dimensions of population change including the family (marriage and divorce), public health, work and the
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