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Information about Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbitaceae
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Hodgsonia male plant

Hodgsonia male plant
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Division:Magnoliophyta
Class:Magnoliopsida
Order:Cucurbitales
Family:Cucurbitaceae
Juss.


Cucurbitaceae is a plant family commonly known as gourds or cucurbits and includes crops like cucumbers, squashes (including pumpkins), luffas, melons and watermelons. The family is predominately distributed around the tropics, where those with edible fruits were amongst the earliest cultivated plants in both the Old and New Worlds.

Most of the plants in this family are annual vines with large showy-blossoms, usually white or various shades of bright yellow to orange-yellow. The plants produce male and female flowers separately on the same plant, and the female flowers have inferior ovaries. The fruit is a kind of berry called a pepo.

Most of the plants in this family are readily susceptible to the larva of a particular moth, the Squash Borer.

Classification

There are about 118 extant genera in Cucurbitaceae, including 825 species. The following is the classification as given by Charles Jeffrey as of 1990.

Subfamily Zanonioideae (small striate pollen grains)
  • Tribe Zanonieae
  • Subtribe Fevilleinae: Fevillea
  • Subtribe Zanoniinae: Alsomitra Zanonia Siolmatra Gerrardanthus Zygosicyos Xerosicyos Neoalsomitra
  • Subtribe Gomphogyninae: Hemsleya Gomphogyne Gynostemma
  • Subtribe Actinostemmatinae: Bolbostemma Actinostemma
  • Subtribe Sicydiinae: Sicydium Chalema Pteropepon Pseudosicydium Cyclantheropsis
Subfamily Cucurbitoideae (styles united into a single column)
  • Tribe Melothrieae
  • Subtribe Dendrosicyinae: Kedrostis Dendrosicyos Corallocarpus Ibervillea Tumamoca Halosicyos Ceratosanthes Doyerea Trochomeriopsis Seyrigia Dieterlea Cucurbitella Apodanthera Guraniopsis Melothrianthus Wilbrandia
  • Subtribe Guraniinae: Helmontia Psiguria Gurania
  • Subtribe Cucumerinae: Melancium Cucumeropsis Posadaea Melothria Muellarargia Zehneria Cucumis (with synonyms: Mukia and Dicaelospermum according to Ghebretinsae et al., is likely that Cucumella, Oreosyce and Myrmecosicyos are too [1] [2]).
  • Subtribe Trochomeriinae: Solena Trochomeria Dactyliandra Ctenolepsis
  • Tribe Schizopeponeae: Schizopepon
  • Tribe Joliffieae
  • Subtribe Thladianthinae: Indofevillea Siraitia Thladiantha Momordica
  • Subtribe Telfairiinae: Telfaria
  • Tribe Trichosantheae
  • Subtribe Hodgsoniinae: Hodgsonia
  • Subtribe Ampelosicyinae: Ampelosicyos Peponium
  • Subtribe Trichosanthinae: Gymnopetalum Trichosanthes Tricyclandra
  • Subtribe Herpetosperminae: Cephalopentandra Biswarea Herpetospermum Edgaria
  • Tribe Benincaseae
  • Subtribe Benincasinae: Cogniauxia Ruthalicia Lagenaria Benincasa Praecitrullus Citrullus Acanthosicyos Eureiandra Bambekea Nothoalsomitra Coccinia Diplocyclos Raphidiocystis Lemurosicyos Zombitsia Ecballium Bryonia
  • Subtribe Luffinae: Luffa
  • Tribe Cucurbiteae (pantoporate, spiny pollen): ''Cucurbita Sicana Tecunumania Calycophysum Peponopsis Anacaona Polyclathra Schizocarpum Penelopeia Cionosicyos Cayaponia Selysia Abobra
  • Tribe Sicyeae (trichomatous nectary, 4- to 10-colporate pollen grains)
  • Subtribe Cyclantherinae: ''Hanburia Echinopepon Marah Echinocystis Vaseyanthus Brandegea Apatzingania Cremastopus Elateriopsis Pseudocyclanthera Cyclanthera Rytidostylis
  • Subtribe Sicyinae: Sicyos Sicyosperma Parasicyos Microsechium Sechium Sechiopsis Pterosicyos
  • incertae sedis: Odosicyos
Alphabetical list of genera: Abobra Acanthosicyos Actinostemma Alsomitra Ampelosycios Anacaona Apatzingania Apodanthera Bambekea Benincasa Biswarea Bolbostemma Brandegea Bryonia Calycophysum Cayaponia Cephalopentandra Ceratosanthes Chalema Cionosicyos Citrullus Coccinia Cogniauxia Corallocarpus Cremastopus Ctenolepis Cucumella Cucumeropsis Cucumis Cucurbita Cucurbitella Cyclanthera Dactyliandra Dendrosicyos Dicaelospermum Dieterlea Diplocyclos Doyerea Ecballium Echinocystis Echinopepon Edgaria Elateriopsis Eureiandra Fevillea Gerrardanthus Gomphogyne Gurania Guraniopsis Gymnopetalum Gynostemma Halosicyos Hanburia Helmontia Hemsleya Herpetospermum Hodgsonia Ibervillea Indofevillea Kedrostis Lagenaria Lemurosicyos Luffa Marah Melancium Melothria Melothrianthus Microsechium Momordica Muellerargia Mukia Myrmecosicyos Neoalsomitra Nothoalsomitra Odosicyos Oreosyce Parasicyos Penelopeia Peponium Peponopsis Polyclathra Posadaea Praecitrullus Pseudocyclanthera Pseudosicydium Psiguria Pteropepon Pterosicyos Raphidiocystis Ruthalicia Rytidostylis Schizocarpum Schizopepon Sechiopsis Sechium Selysia Seyrigia Sicana Sicydium Sicyos Sicyosperma Siolmatra Siraitia Solena Tecunumania Telfairia Thladiantha Trichosanthes Tricyclandra Trochomeria Trochomeriopsis Tumacoca Vaseyanthus Wilbrandia Xerosicyos Zanonia Zehneria Zombitsia Zygosicyos Ref: Watson and Dallwitz 3 September 2002

References

1. ^ Ghebretinsae, A. G., Thulin, M. & Barber, J. C. (2007). Relationships of cucumbers and melons unraveled: molecular phylogenetics of Cucumis and related genera (Benincaseae, Cucurbitaceae). American Journal of Botany 94(7): 1256–1266.
2. ^ Renner, S. S., Schaefer, H. & Kocyan, A. (2007). "Phylogenetics of Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae): Cucumber (C. sativus) belongs in an Asian/Australian clade far from melon (C. melo)". BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 58-69. DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-7-58 10.1186/1471-2148-7-58. 
  • David Bates, Richard Robinson, Charles Jeffrey, eds. (1990). Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae. Cornell UP. ISBN 0-8014-1670-1. 
  • Jeffrey, C. 2005. A new system of Cucurbitaceae. Bot. Zhurn 90: 332–335. [latest classification of Cucurbitaceae]

External links

Hodgsoniinae
C. Jeffrey 1962

Genus: Hodgsonia
Hook.f. & Thomson 1853

Species
Hodgsonia heteroclita
Hodgsonia macrocarpa
Hodgsonia
..... Click the link for more information.
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]

Divisions

Green algae
  • Chlorophyta
  • Charophyta
Land plants (embryophytes)
  • Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)

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Magnoliophyta

Classes

Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Liliopsida - Monocots

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms comprise the two extant groups of seed plants.
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Magnoliopsida
Brongniart

Orders

See text.
Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of flowering plants whose seed typically contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
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Cucurbitales
Dumort., 1829

Families
  • Cucurbitaceae (gourd family)
  • Begoniaceae (begonia family)
  • Datiscaceae
  • Tetramelaceae
  • Corynocarpaceae
  • Coriariaceae
  • Anisophylleaceae


The Cucurbitales
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Antoine Laurent de Jussieu

Born March 12 1748(1748--)
Lyon, France
Died September 17 1836 (aged 88)
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Plantae
Haeckel, 1866[1]

Divisions

Green algae
  • Chlorophyta
  • Charophyta
Land plants (embryophytes)
  • Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes)

..... Click the link for more information.
family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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C. sativus

Binomial name
Cucumis sativus
L.

The cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, and in the same genus as
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Squashes generally refer to four species of the genus Cucurbita native to the New World, also called marrows depending on variety or the nationality of the speaker.
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Cucurbita spp.
L.

Species

C. maxima
C. mixta
C. moschata
C. pepo

A pumpkin is a squash fruit that grows as a gourd from a trailing vine of certain species in the genus Cucurbita.
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Luffa

Species
  • L. acutangula (Angled luffa, Ridged Luffa)
  • L. aegyptiaca (Smooth luffa, Egyptian luffa)
  • L. operculata (Sponge cucumber)
and others

The Luffa or Loofah/Lufah
..... Click the link for more information.
Melon is a term used for various members of the Cucurbitaceae family with fleshy fruit. Melon can refer to either the plant or the fruit, which is a false berry. Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of muskmelons.
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C. lanatus

Binomial name
Citrullus lanatus
(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.
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annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers and dies in one year. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed. Some seedless plants can also be considered annuals even though they do not flower.
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vine is any plant of genus Vitis (the grape plants) or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. The word, derived from Latin vīnea, referred to the grape-bearing variety.
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Alternate meanings: See Blossom (disambiguation)


Blossom is a term given to the flowers of stone fruit trees (Genus Prunus) and of some other plants with a similar appearance that flower profusely but for a short period of time.
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berry, in common parlance refers generically to any small fruit with multiple seeds. Aggregate fruits such as the blackberry, the raspberry, and the boysenberry are also berries in this sense, but not the botanical.
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larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians).

The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly.
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moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly. Both are of the order Lepidoptera. The division of Lepidopterans into moths and butterflies is a popular taxonomy, not a scientific one.
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M. cucurbitae

Binomial name
Melittia cucurbitae
Harris, 1828

The squash vine borer (Melittia cucurbitae
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20th century - 21st century
1960s  1970s  1980s  - 1990s -  2000s  2010s  2020s
1987 1988 1989 - 1990 - 1991 1992 1993

Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar).
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Fevillea

Species
  • Fevillea cordofolia
  • Fevillea pedatifolia?
  • Fevillea tribolata?
  • Fevillea passiflora?


Fevillea (or Feuillea
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Xerosicyos is a flowering plant genus of the family Cucurbitaceae. Its name comes from Greek xeros (meaning "dry") and sicyos ("cucumber"). They are lianas with succulent leaves.
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Cucumis
L.

Species
  • Cucumis anguria
  • Cucumis dipsaceus
  • Cucumis ficifolius
  • Cucumis humifructus (aardvark cucumber)
  • Cucumis melo (melon)
  • Cucumis metuliferus (horned melon)

..... Click the link for more information.
In scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names used for a single taxon. Usage and terminology are different for zoology and botany.

Zoology

In zoological nomenclature, synonyms are different scientific names that pertain to the same taxon, for example
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Siraitia

Species: S. grosvenorii

Binomial name
Siraitia grosvenorii
(Swingle) C.Jeffrey ex A.M.Lu & Zhi Y.
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Momordica
L.

Species

See text.

Momordica is a genus of about 45 species of annual or perennial climbing herbaceous or shrubby plants belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, natives of tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia and
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Hodgsoniinae
C. Jeffrey 1962

Genus: Hodgsonia
Hook.f. & Thomson 1853

Species
Hodgsonia heteroclita
Hodgsonia macrocarpa
Hodgsonia
..... Click the link for more information.


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