Information about Crepuscular

For the atmospheric optical effect, see crepuscular rays.

Crepuscular is a term used to describe animals that are primarily active during the twilight. The word ultimately derives from the Latin word crepusculum, meaning "twilight". Crepuscular is thus in contrast with diurnal and nocturnal. Crepuscular animals may also be active on a bright moonlit night. Many animals that are casually described as nocturnal are in fact crepuscular. Within the definition of crepuscular are the terms matutinal (or "matinal") and vespertine, denoting species active in the morning (dawn) and evening (dusk) respectively. The patterns of activity are thought to represent a response to selection from predators. Many predators forage most intensely at night, while others are active at mid-day and see best in full sun. Thus the crepuscular habit may reduce predation. Additionally, in hot areas, it may be a way of avoiding thermal stress while capitalizing on available light.

Crepuscular mammals include the red panda, cat, dog, deer, moose, rabbit, chinchilla, ferret, guinea pig, hamster, common mouse, skunk, rat, and capybara. Crepuscular birds include the common nighthawk and spotted crake.

Some species have different habits in the absence of predators. For example, the short-eared owl is crepuscular on those of the Galápagos Islands that have buzzard species, but diurnal on those without.

Many moths, beetles, flies, and other insects are crepuscular as well.

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