Cowardice

Information about Cowardice

Coward redirects here. You may be looking for Coward, South Carolina, or for the playwright Noel Coward.

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Cowardice is a vice that is conventionally viewed as the corruption of prudence, to thwart all courage or bravery. Cowardice may be considered to be prudence that does not take consequences to their furthest extent.

Etymology

According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word "coward" comes from an Old French word coart, a combination of the word for "tail" and an agent noun suffix. It would therefore have meant "one with a tail" — perhaps one in the habit of turning it, or it may be derived from a dog's habit of putting its tail between its legs when it is afraid. Another more clearly related word, in old French, that can be related to coward is "couard" which literally means coward and was frequently used by French knights in battle. It is therefore possible that the English language was enriched in such manner through military contacts with the French, or with the French-influenced Normans that invaded England in 1066.

The English surname Coward (as in Noel Coward), however, has the same origin and meaning as the word "cowherd".

Legal definition

As a legal definition, according to Subchapter X, Section 899, Article 99[1] of the United States Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), cowardice is defined as:

Running away from an enemy;
Abandoning, surrendering or otherwise fleeing any post that the soldier is tasked with defending;
Endangering the safety of any post that the soldier is responsible for through disobedience, neglect or willful misconduct while in combat;
Discarding arms or ammunition while in combat;
Abandoning combat to plunder or loot or commit other crimes;
Willfully failing to do all within the soldier's power to fight or defend when it is his duty to do so, while in combat;
Refusing to give any needed aid or relief to fellow troops while in combat; or
Performing other unspecified acts of "cowardly conduct" while in combat.

According to the UCMJ, the maximum punishment for cowardice is the death penalty. Cowardice can, by definition, only be charged during a time of and in an area of armed conflict.

History

On June 30, 1775, the Second Continental Congress established 69 Articles of War to govern the conduct of the
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Enemy or enemies may refer to:

In television:

"Enemies" (Buffy episode), a Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode
"Enemies" (Stargate SG-1), the Season 5 premiere episode of the science fiction television series

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Ammunition, often referred to as ammo, is a generic term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. It is derived through French from the Latin munire (to provide). See also munition.
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Capital punishment, also called the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences.
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WAR is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below:

War
War (band)
War (film), a 2007 movie starring Jet Li and Jason Statham
Warrenton Railroad (AAR reporting marks WAR)
WAR, a Japanese professional wrestling promotion

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Fear is an emotional response to impending danger, that is tied to anxiety. Behavioral theorists, like Watson and Ekman, have both suggested that fear, along with a few other basic emotions (e.g., joy and anger), is a trait innate to most higher functioning organisms.
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Anxiety is a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components (Seligman, Walker & Rosenhan, 2001). These components combine to create the feelings that we typically recognize as fear, apprehension, or worry.
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Virtue (Latin virtus; Greek ἀρετή) is moral excellence of a person. A virtue is a trait valued as being good. The conceptual opposite of virtue is vice.
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The Shot at Dawn Memorial is a British Monument located at the National Memorial Arboretum near Alrewas, in Staffordshire, England in memory of the 306 British and Commonwealth soldiers executed for cowardice and desertion during World War I.
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Jack McCall (also known as "Crooked Nose" Jack) (born in the early 1850s in Jefferson County, Kentucky – died March 1, 1877 in Yankton, Dakota Territory), killed James "Wild Bill" Hickok, shooting him from behind, an act that among admirers of Hickok and
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Robert Newton Ford (1860–June 8, 1892), was an outlaw who gained fame by assassinating Jesse James in 1882.

Early years

Robert N. Ford was born in Ray County, Missouri to James Thomas Ford and his wife Mary Bruin.
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