Information about Compulsive Hoarding
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Compulsive hoarding in an apartment
Characteristics
While there is no definition of compulsive hoarding in accepted diagnostic criteria (such as the current DSM), Frost and Hartl (1996) provide the following defining features:[1]- the acquisition of, and failure to discard, a large number of possessions that appear to be useless or of limited value
- living spaces sufficiently cluttered so as to preclude activities for which those spaces were designed
- significant distress or impairment in functioning caused by the hoarding
Case study
The following (edited) case study is taken from a published account of compulsive hoarding:[2]- The client, D, lived with her two children, aged 11 and 14, and described her current hoarding behaviour as a 'small problem that mushroomed' many years ago, along with corresponding marital difficulties. D reported that her father was a hoarder and that she started saving when she was a child. In addition to hoarding, she reported several other obsessive-compulsive symptoms, such as fear of hurting others due to carelessness, an over-concern with dirt and germs, a need for symmetry and a need to know or remember things. D also suffered from a handwashing compulsion and engaged in lengthy cleaning rituals of household items. The volume of cluttered possessions took up approximately 70 percent of the living space in her house. With the exception of the bathroom, none of the rooms in the house could easily be used for their intended purpose. Both of the doors to the outside were blocked, so entry to the house was through the garage and the kitchen, where the table and chairs were covered with papers, newspapers, bills, books, half-consumed bags of chips and her children's school papers dating back ten years.
Related conditions
It is not clear whether compulsive hoarding is a condition in itself, or simply a symptom of other related conditions.[3] Several studies have reported a correlation between hoarding and the presence and / or severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Hoarding behaviour is also related to obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). There may be an overlap with a condition known as impulse control disorder (ICD), particularly when compulsive hoarding is linked to compulsive buying or acquisition behaviour. However, some people displaying compulsive hoarding behaviour show no other signs of what is usually considered to be OCD, OCPD or ICD. Those diagnosed with Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have hoarding tendencies.[4]Physiology and treatment
People who exhibit compulsive hoarding tend to absorb glucose into the brain differently than people who do not exhibit this behavior. The difference in cerebral metabolism of glucose is greatest in the rear and central parts of the brain.[5]The antidepressant drug paroxetine (brand name Paxil) is indicated in treatment of compulsive hoarding.[6] This usage may have dangerous side effects; the FDA ordered there has to be a "black box warning" on containers of Paxil and there have been many lawsuits filed against the manufactures of the drug, as well as a ABC News report on paroxetine. A 2006 study of this usage of the drug to treat compulsive hoarding was conducted by the University of California, San Diego.
See also
- Animal hoarding
- Bibliomania
- Collecting
- Diogenes syndrome
- Hoarding
- Impulse control disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Collyer brothers, notable hoarders
- Edmund Trebus, notable hoarder
- Plyushkin, fictional Russian hoarder
- Seven Dumpsters and a Corpse, film by Thomas Haemmerli, 2007
References
1. ^ Frost, R.O.; Hartl, T.L. (1996). A cognitive-behavioral model of compulsive hoarding. Behavior Research and Therapy, 34 (4), 341-50.
2. ^ Hartl, T.L.; Frost, R.O. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of compulsive hoarding: a multiple baseline experimental case study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37 (5), 451-61.
3. ^ Steketee, G,; Frost, R. (2003). Compulsive hoarding: Current status of the research. Clinical Psychology Review, 23 (7), 905-27.
4. ^ Hartl TL, Duffany SR, Allen GJ, Steketee G, Frost RO (2005). "Relationships among compulsive hoarding, trauma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Behaviour research and therapy 43 (2): 269-76. DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.002. PMID 15629755.
5. ^ Cerebral Metabolism of Glucose and Compulsive Hoarding
6. ^ Paxil treats Compulsive Hoarding
2. ^ Hartl, T.L.; Frost, R.O. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of compulsive hoarding: a multiple baseline experimental case study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37 (5), 451-61.
3. ^ Steketee, G,; Frost, R. (2003). Compulsive hoarding: Current status of the research. Clinical Psychology Review, 23 (7), 905-27.
4. ^ Hartl TL, Duffany SR, Allen GJ, Steketee G, Frost RO (2005). "Relationships among compulsive hoarding, trauma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Behaviour research and therapy 43 (2): 269-76. DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2004.02.002. PMID 15629755.
5. ^ Cerebral Metabolism of Glucose and Compulsive Hoarding
6. ^ Paxil treats Compulsive Hoarding
External links
- Confronting compulsive hoarding - article from SF Apartment Magazine
- Hoarding Fact Sheet - from Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health.
- What is Compulsive Hoarding? - from Oprah Winfrey show
- Squalor Survivors - online resource concerning squalor and hoarding
- Children of Hoarders - online support group and information clearinghouse for children of compulsive hoarders
- Video of Hoarder's house - video example of how bad hoarding can get
- "The Psychology of Hoarding" - article from Discover magazine
- University of Minnesota Impulse Control Disorders Clinic Provides useful information and resources for patients and their families, including free questionnaire-based rating scales that patients can use to assess and track the severity of their condition.
Hoarding is the storing of food or other goods or even money. Hoarding of food is a natural behaviour in certain species of animals. It occurs in two forms:
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- Larder hoarding, the collection of large amounts of food in a single place (a larder), which usually also serves as
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collecting includes seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloguing, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector. Some collectors are generalists, accumulating Star Trek merchandise, or stamps from all countries of the world.
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Waste, rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or undesired material. "Waste" is the general term; though the other terms are used loosely as synonyms, they have more specific meanings: rubbish or trash are mixed household waste and including paper
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Storage may refer to:
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- Special buildings, or collections of buildings, designed to hold large objects, or a great many objects of a particular type:
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Cooking is the act of preparing food for eating by the application of heat. It encompasses a vast range of methods, tools and combinations of ingredients to alter the flavor or digestibility of food.
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Cleanliness is the absence of dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells and clutter. Purposes of cleanliness include health, beauty, absence of offensive odor, avoidance of shame, and to avoid the spreading of dirt and contaminants to oneself and others.
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Sleep is the state of natural rest observed throughout the animal kingdom, in all mammals and birds, and in many reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
In humans, other mammals, and many other animals that have been studied — such as fish, birds, ants, and fruit-flies —
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In humans, other mammals, and many other animals that have been studied — such as fish, birds, ants, and fruit-flies —
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is an American handbook for mental health professionals that lists different categories of mental disorder and the criteria for diagnosing them, according to the publishing organization the American Psychiatric
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Property law
Part of the common law series
Acquisition of property
Gift · Adverse possession · Deed
Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
Alienation · Bailment · License
Estates in land
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Part of the common law series
Acquisition of property
Gift · Adverse possession · Deed
Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
Alienation · Bailment · License
Estates in land
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MeSH D009771 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, distressing, intrusive thoughts and related compulsions (tasks or "rituals") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions.
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Anankastic personality disorder
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 F60.5
ICD-9 301.4
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), or anankastic personality disorder
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Classification & external resources
ICD-10 F60.5
ICD-9 301.4
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), or anankastic personality disorder
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Impulse control disorder is a set of psychiatric disorders including intermittent explosive disorder (hot-headedness), kleptomania (stealing), pathological gambling, pyromania (fire-starting) and trichotillomania (pulling one's hair out).
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Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. The living cell uses it as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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antidepressant, is a psychiatric medication or other substance (nutrient or herb) used for alleviating depression or dysthymia ('milder' depression). Drug groups known as MAOIs, tricyclics and SSRIs are particularly associated with the term.
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Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. It was released in 1992 by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline.
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Animal hoarding is a mental illness recognized as a psychological condition. It is considered a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder rather than deliberate cruelty towards animals.
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Bibliomania is an obsessive-compulsive disorder involving the collecting or hoarding of books to the point where social relations or health are damaged. One of several psychological disorders associated with books, bibliomania is characterized by the collecting of books which have
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collecting includes seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloguing, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector. Some collectors are generalists, accumulating Star Trek merchandise, or stamps from all countries of the world.
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Diogenes Syndrome is a behavioral disorder characterized by extreme self-neglect. It usually affects the elderly who live alone. Its symptoms include body odor and other signs of severe hygienic neglect. Physical diseases relating to bodily neglect usually accompany the syndrome.
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Hoarding is the storing of food or other goods or even money. Hoarding of food is a natural behaviour in certain species of animals. It occurs in two forms:
..... Click the link for more information.
- Larder hoarding, the collection of large amounts of food in a single place (a larder), which usually also serves as
..... Click the link for more information.
Impulse control disorder is a set of psychiatric disorders including intermittent explosive disorder (hot-headedness), kleptomania (stealing), pathological gambling, pyromania (fire-starting) and trichotillomania (pulling one's hair out).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
MeSH D009771 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, distressing, intrusive thoughts and related compulsions (tasks or "rituals") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Homer Lusk Collyer (November 6, 1881 – March 21, 1947) and Langley Collyer (October 3, 1885 – March 1947) were two American brothers who became famous because of their snobbish nature, filth in their homes, and compulsive hoarding.
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Edmund Zygfryd Trebus (born November 11, 1918 near Gdansk, Poland –September 29, 2002) was a Polish émigré to Britain and compulsive hoarder, who came to fame when he was featured on a British television documentary called A Life of Grime.
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