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Information about Catarrhine

Catarrhini
Fossil range: Late Eocene - Recent
Enlarge picture
An infant Stump-tailed Macaque,
held by a human hand

Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates
Suborder:Haplorrhini
Parvorder:Catarrhini
É. Geoffroy, 1812
Families


Cercopithecidae
Hylobatidae
Hominidae


Catarrhini is a parvorder of the Primates, one of the three major divisions of the suborder Haplorrhini. It contains the Old World monkeys (superfamily Cercopithecoidea, family Cercopithecidae) and the apes (superfamily Hominoidea). The latter is further divided into the lesser apes (family Hylobatidae), consisting of the gibbons; and the hominids or great apes (family Hominidae), consisting of the orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. Older references described humans and their most close extinct relatives/ancestors as a family on its own and placed the great apes in the family Pongidae. The other two major divisions of the suborder Haplorrhini are the prosimian tarsiers, which were formerly classified with the strepsirrhines, and the Platyrrhini (New World monkeys), which live in both South America and Central America.

Catarrhini means narrow nose, and the term describes their narrow, downward pointing nostrils. Unlike the platyrrhini, they are generally diurnal and their tails (if they have tails at all) are not prehensile. They have flat fingernails.

Their dental formula is
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.3


Most species show considerable sexual dimorphism and do not form a pair bond. Most, but not all, species live in social groups. They are all native to Africa and Asia.

Classification and evolution

The apes and Old World monkeys split from their New World monkey kin about 40 million years ago. The major catarrhine division occurred about 25 mya, with the gibbons separating from the great apes and humans about 18 mya.

References

  • Groves, Colin (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 152-184. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.2005&rft.edition=3rd%20edition&rft.pub=Johns%20Hopkins%20University%20Press&rft.pages=152-184&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnmnhgoph.si.edu%2Fmsw%2F"> 

External links

The Eocene epoch (55.8 ± 0.2 - 33.9 ± 0.1 Ma) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in the Cenozoic era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene epoch.
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M. arctoides

Binomial name
Macaca arctoides
(I. Geoffroy, 1831)

The Stump-tailed Macaque (Macaca arctoides), also called the Bear Macaque
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The hands (med./lat.: manus, pl. manūs) are the two intricate, prehensile, multi-fingered body parts normally located at the end of each arm (medically: "terminating each anterior limb/appendage") of a human or other primate.
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Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
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Chordata
Bateson, 1885

Typical Classes

See below

Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates.
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Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758

Subclasses & Infraclasses
  • Subclass †Allotheria*
  • Subclass Prototheria
  • Subclass Theria

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Primates
Linnaeus, 1758

Families
  • 15, See classification
A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the last category
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Haplorrhini
Pocock, 1918

Families
Tarsiidae
Cebidae
Aotidae
Pitheciidae
Atelidae
Cercopithecidae
Hylobatidae
Hominidae

The haplorrhines, the "dry-nosed" primates (the Greek name means "simple-nosed"), are members of the
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Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (April 15,1772 - June 19, 1844) was a French naturalist who established the principle of "unity of composition". He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck's evolutionary theories.
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family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Cercopithecoidea
Gray, 1821
Family: Cercopithecidae
Gray, 1821

Subfamilies

Cercopithecinae - 11 genera
Colobinae - 10 genera

The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae
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Hylobatidae
Gray, 1870

Genera

Hylobates
Hoolock
Nomascus
Symphalangus

Gibbons are the small apes in the family Hylobatidae.
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Primates
Linnaeus, 1758

Families
  • 15, See classification
A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the last category
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order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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Haplorrhini
Pocock, 1918

Families
Tarsiidae
Cebidae
Aotidae
Pitheciidae
Atelidae
Cercopithecidae
Hylobatidae
Hominidae

The haplorrhines, the "dry-nosed" primates (the Greek name means "simple-nosed"), are members of the
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Cercopithecoidea
Gray, 1821
Family: Cercopithecidae
Gray, 1821

Subfamilies

Cercopithecinae - 11 genera
Colobinae - 10 genera

The Old World monkeys or Cercopithecidae
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family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
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  • An ape is a member of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates.
Ape or APE may also refer to:
  • Ape, Inc., video game development company
  • Ape, Latvia, a town in Latvia, northwest of Alūksne
  • A*P*E, a 1976 film

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Hylobatidae
Gray, 1870

Genera

Hylobates
Hoolock
Nomascus
Symphalangus

Gibbons are the small apes in the family Hylobatidae.
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Ponginae
Elliot, 1912

Genus: Pongo
Lacépède, 1799

Type species
Simia pygmaeus
Linnaeus, 1760

Orangutan distribution


Species


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Gorillini

Genus: Gorilla
I. Geoffroy, 1852

Type species
Troglodytes gorilla
Savage, 1847

distribution of Gorilla


Species


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Panina

Genus: Pan
Oken, 1816

Type species
Simia troglodytes
Blumenbach, 1775

distribution of Pan spp.

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Prosimians are the most ancestral extant primates; they represent forms that were ancestral to monkeys, apes and humans. Prosimians are the only primates native to Madagascar, and are also found in Southeast Asia.
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