Careers

Information about Careers

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This article is about a person's occupational history; for the board game, see Careers (board game).

Career is a term defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an individual's "course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life)". It usually is considered to pertain to remunerative work (and sometimes also formal education).

A career is traditionally seen as a course of successive situations that make up a person's worklife. One can have a sporting career or a musical career without being a professional athlete or musician, but most frequently "career" in the 20th century referenced the series of jobs or positions by which one earned one's money. It tended to look only at the past.

As the idea of personal choice and self direction picks up in the 21st century, aided by the power of the Internet and the increased acceptance of people having multiple kinds of work, the idea of a career is shifting from a closed set of achievements, like a chronological rÃ©sumÃ© of past jobs, to a defined set of pursuits looking forward. In its broadest sense, career refers to an individual’s work and life roles over their lifespan.

In the relatively static societies before modernism, many workers would often inherit or take up a single lifelong position (a place or role) in the workforce, and the concept of an unfolding career had little or no meaning. With the spread during the Enlightenment of the idea of progress and of the habits of individualist self-betterment, careers became possible, if not expected.

Career Assessments are tests that come in a variety of forms and rely on both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Career Assessments can help individuals identify and better articulate their unique interests, values, and skills. Career counselors, executive coaches, career development centers, and outplacement companies often administer career assessments to help individuals focus their search on careers that closely match their unique personal profile.

Career counseling advisors assess people's interests, personality, values and skills, and also help them explore career options and research graduate and professional schools. Career counseling provides one-on-one or group professional assistance in exploration and decision making tasks related to choosing a major/occupation, transitioning into the world of work or further professional training. The field is vast and includes career placement, career planning, learning strategies and student development.

By the late 20th century a plethora of choices (especially in the range of potential professions) and more widespread education had allowed it to become fashionable to plan (or design) a career: in this respect the careers of the career counsellor and of the career advisor have grown up. It is also not uncommon for adults in the late 20th/early 21st centuries to have dual or multiple careers, either sequentially or concurrently. Thus, professional identities have become hyphenated or hybridized to reflect this shift in work ethic. Economist Richard Florida notes this trend generally and more specifically among the "creative class."

Labor and employment research

Cornell University, School of Industrial and Labor Relations

Institute for Women and Work at Cornell University

Labor and Worklife Program at Harvard Law School

Working Lives Research Institute at London Metropolitan University

For a pre-modernist notion of "career", compare cursus honorum.

External links

'Snapshots' A series of careers programmes on life working in Science Freeview videos provided by the Vega Science Trust and the BBC/OU.
Occupational Outlook Handbook
O*NET Online Career Search
U.S. Department of Labor
United Nations (2002), Handbook on career counselling
Does Parenting Ruin Your Career? — article about men from 'Sunday Life Magazine'

Careers is a board game first manufactured by Parker Brothers in 1955, which has been reprinted from time to time up to the present day. It was devised by the sociologist James Cooke Brown.
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The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most comprehensive dictionary of the English language.
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Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom.
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A sportsperson (British and American English) or athlete (principally American English) is any person who participates regularly in a sport.

Athletes can be professional (paid) or amateur (unpaid).
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musician is a person who plays or composes music. Musicians can be classified by their role in creating or performing music:

A musician or instrumentalist plays a musical instrument.

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twentieth century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. Some historians consider the era from about 1914 to 1991 to be the Short Twentieth Century.
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A rÃ©sumÃ©, also known as a curriculum vitae (CV), is a document containing a summary or listing of relevant job experience and education, usually for the purpose of obtaining an interview when seeking employment.
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Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as: "A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer has
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society is a grouping of individuals which is characterized by common interests and may have distinctive culture and institutions. Members of a society may be from different ethnic groups.
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Modernism describes a series of reforming cultural movements in art and architecture, music, literature and the applied arts which emerged in the three decades before 1914.
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role (sometimes spelled rÃ´le) or a social role is a set of connected behaviors, rights and obligations as conceptualized by actors in a social situation. It is mostly defined as an expected behavior in a given individual social status and social position.
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See also:

The workforce is the labour pool in employment. It is generally used to describe those working for a single company or industry.
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The Enlightenment (French: SiÃ¨cle des LumiÃ¨res; German: AufklÃ¤rung; Italian: Illuminismo; Portuguese:
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Social progress is defined as a progress of society, which makes the society better in the general view of those who attempt to cause it. The concept of social progress was introduced in the early, 19th century social theories, especially those of social evolutionists like August
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Libertarianism

Schools of thought
Agorism
Anarcho-capitalism
Geolibertarianism
Green libertarianism
Right-libertarianism
Left-libertarianism
Minarchism
Neolibertarianism
Paleolibertarianism
Progressive libertarianism

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Career Assessments are tests that are designed to help individuals understand their unique personality profile (i.e., interests, values, aptitudes and skills), and how this profile impacts their potential success and satisfaction with different career options.
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Career Counselling and career coaching are similar in nature to traditional counselling (Kim, Li, Lian, 2002); however, the focus is generally on issues such as career exploration, career change, personal career development and other career related issues (Swanson, 1995).
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profession is an occupation, vocation or career where specialized knowledge of a subject, field, or science is applied.^[1] It is usually applied to occupations that involve prolonged academic training and a formal qualification.
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Fashion is a term that usually applies to a prevailing mode of expression, but quite often applies to a personal mode of expression that may or may not apply to all. Inherent in the term is the idea that the mode will change more quickly than the culture as a whole.
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multiple careers is the growing trend in the late 20th century and early 21st century. These multiple careers can either be concurrent (where a worker has two simultaneous careers) or sequential (where a worker adopts a new career after having worked for some time in another
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Richard Florida (1957, Newark NJ) is an American economist and urban studies theorist.

Professor Florida's focus is on social and economic theory. He is currently a professor and head of the Prosperity Institute at the Rotman School of Management and the MaRS Discovery
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The creative class is a group of people that social scientist Dr. Richard Florida, Hirst Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University, believes are a key driving force for economic development of post-industrial cities in the USA.
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Cornell University is a private university located in Ithaca, New York, USA. Its two medical campuses are in New York City and Education City, Qatar. The youngest member of the Ivy League, Cornell was founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White as a coeducational,
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Harvard Law School (colloquially, Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard Law is considered one of the most prestigious law schools in the United States.
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London Metropolitan University is a university in London. It was formed on 1 August 2002 by the amalgamation of London Guildhall University and the University of North London.
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The cursus honorum (Latin: "course of honours") was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Empire. It was designed for men of senatorial rank.
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In organizational development (or OD), the study of career development looks at:

how individuals manage their careers within and between organizations
and how organizations structure the career progress of their members, can be tied into succession planning within some

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