Information about Carbonyl Sulfide
| Carbonyl sulfide | |
|---|---|
) | |
| IUPAC name | carbonyl sulfide |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 463-58-1 |
| SMILES | O=C=S |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | COS |
| Molar mass | 60.07 g mol−1 |
| Density | 0.00251 g cm−3 |
| Melting point | −139 °C |
| Boiling point | −50 °C |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | Carbonyl sulfide MSDS |
| NFPA 704 |
|
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 C, 100 kPa) | |
)
Carbonyl sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula OCS. Commonly written as COS, it is a colourless gas with an unpleasant odor. It is a linear molecule consisting with a carbonyl group double bonded to a sulfur atom. Carbonyl sulfide can be considered to be a hybrid of carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide.
This compound is found to catalyze the formation of peptides from amino acids. This finding is an extension of the Miller-Urey experiment and it is suggested that carbonyl sulfide played a significant role in the origin of life.[1]
Occurence and applications
Carbonyl sulfide is the major sulfur compound naturally present in the atmosphere at 0.5 (± 0.05) ppb because it is emitted from volcanos and deep sea vents. As such it participates in the global sulfur cycle. It is also present in foodstuffs such as cheese and prepared vegetables of the cabbage family. Traces of COS is naturally present in grains and seeds in the range of 0.05-0.1 mg kg−1. It is a significant sulfur-containing impurity in synthesis gas.Measurements on the Antarctica ice cores provide a detailed picture of OCS concentrations from 1640 to the present day separating anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic sulfur sources. Carbonyl sulfide is transported into the stratospheric sulfate layer where it is oxidized to sulfuric acid.
Carbonyl sulfide is a potential fumigant and a replacement for methyl bromide and phosphine. Carbonyl sulfide has been observed in interstellar medium.
Synthesis
It was first described in 1841,[2] but was apparently mischaracterized. It forms when carbon monoxide reacts with elemental sulfur. This reaction reverses above 1200 K. A laboratory synthesis entails the reaction potassium thiocyanate and sulfuric acid. The resulting gas contains significant amounts of byproducts and requires purification.[3]- KNCS + 2 H2SO4 + H2O → KHSO4 + NH4HSO4 + COS
References
1. ^ Luke Leman, Leslie Orgel, M. Reza Ghadiri (2004). "Carbonyl Sulfide–Mediated Prebiotic Formation of Peptides". Science 306 (5694): 283 - 286. DOI:10.1126/science.1102722.
2. ^ Couërbe, J. P. "Ueber den Schwefelkohlenstoff Journal für Praktische Chemie 1841, Volume 23, pp. 83-124.DOI: 10.1002/prac.18410230105
3. ^ Ferm R. J. (1957). "The Chemistry of Carbonyl sulfide". Chemical Reviews 57 (4): 621-640. DOI:10.1021/cr50016a002.
2. ^ Couërbe, J. P. "Ueber den Schwefelkohlenstoff Journal für Praktische Chemie 1841, Volume 23, pp. 83-124.DOI: 10.1002/prac.18410230105
3. ^ Ferm R. J. (1957). "The Chemistry of Carbonyl sulfide". Chemical Reviews 57 (4): 621-640. DOI:10.1021/cr50016a002.
Further reading
- Beck, M. T.; Kauffman, G. B. (1985). "COS and C3S2: The Discovery and Chemistry of Two Important Inorganic Sulfur Compounds". Polyhedron 4 (5): 775-781. DOI:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)87025-4.Polyhedron&rft.date=1985&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.au=Beck,%20M.%20T.%3B%20Kauffman,%20G.%20B.&rft.pages=775-781&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0277-5387%2800%2987025-4">
- Crutzen, P. (1976). "The possible importance of COS for the sulfate layer of the stratosphere". Geophys. Res. Lett. 3: 73–76.
- Svoronos P. D. N., Bruno T. J. (2002). "Carbonyl sulfide: A review of its chemistry and properties". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41 (22): 5321-5336. DOI:10.1021/ie020365n.
External links
- Carbonyl sulfide and origins of life
- Carbonyl sulfide in ice cores
- Carbonyl sulfide as a potential fumigant
- Carbonyl sulfide in the atmosphere
IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. They are also referred to as CAS numbers, CAS RNs or CAS #s.
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smiles
File extension:
Type of format: chemical file format
The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES
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File extension:
.smiType of format: chemical file format
The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES
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A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. A chemical formula is also a short way of showing how a chemical reaction occurs.
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Molar mass, symbol M,[1] is the mass of one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound).[2] It is a physical property which is characteristic of each pure substance.
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In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V—how heavy something is compared to its size. A small, heavy object, such as a rock or a lump of lead, is denser than a lighter object of the same size or a larger object of the same weight, such as pieces of
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The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid. Although the phrase would suggest a specific temperature and is commonly and incorrectly used as such in most textbooks and literature, most crystalline compounds
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boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid.[1][2][3][4]
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NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. It defines the colloquial "fire diamond" used by emergency personnel to quickly and easily identify the risks posed by nearby hazardous materials.
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standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). This pressure was changed from 1 atm (101.325 kilopascals) by IUPAC in 1990.[1] The standard state of a material can be defined at any given temperature, most commonly 25 degrees Celsius,
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A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. A chemical formula is also a short way of showing how a chemical reaction occurs.
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Gas is one of the four major states of matter, consisting of freely moving atoms or molecules without a definite shape. Compared to the solid and liquid states of matter a gas has lower density and a lower viscosity.
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odor or odour (see spelling differences) is a volatilized chemical compound, generally at a very low concentration, which humans and other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction. Odors are also called smells, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant odors.
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carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom : C=O.
The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g.
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The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g.
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Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds.
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hybrid has two meanings.[1]
The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Hybrids between different species within the same genus are sometimes known as interspecific hybrids or crosses.
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The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Hybrids between different species within the same genus are sometimes known as interspecific hybrids or crosses.
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Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state.
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Carbon disulfide is a colorless, volatile liquid with the formula, CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical solvent.
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catalysis is the acceleration (increase in rate) of a chemical reaction by means of a substance called a catalyst, which is itself not consumed by the overall reaction.
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Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles") are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of α-amino acids.
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amino acid is a molecule that contains both amine and carboxyl functional groups. In biochemistry, this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent.
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The Miller-Urey experiment (or Urey-Miller experiment) was an experiment that simulated hypothetical conditions present on the early Earth and tested for the occurrence of chemical evolution.
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origin of life, is the study of how life on Earth might have emerged from non-life. Scientific consensus is that abiogenesis occurred sometime between 4.4 billion years ago, when water vapor first liquefied,[2] and 2.
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"parts-per" notations are used to denote low concentrations of chemical elements. Also known as mixing ratios, they are often used to denote the relative abundance of trace elements in the Earth's crust, trace elements in forensics or other analyses, dissolved minerals in water, or
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Volcano:
1. Large magma chamber
2. Bedrock
3. Conduit (pipe)
4. Base
5. Sill
6. Branch pipe
7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano
8. Flank 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano
10. Throat
11. Parasitic cone
12. Lava flow
13. Vent
14.
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1. Large magma chamber
2. Bedrock
3. Conduit (pipe)
4. Base
5. Sill
6. Branch pipe
7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano
8. Flank 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano
10. Throat
11. Parasitic cone
12. Lava flow
13. Vent
14.
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Black smokers are a type of hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. It can also be known as a Sea Vent.
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Sulfur is one of the constituents of many proteins, vitamins and hormones. It recycles as in other biogeochemical cycles.
The essential steps of the sulfur cycle are:
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The essential steps of the sulfur cycle are:
- Mineralization of organic sulfur to the inorganic form, hydrogen sulfide: (H2S).
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Food is any substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human being for nutrition or pleasure.
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Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep and other mammals. Cheese is made by coagulating milk. This is accomplished by first acidification with a bacterial culture and then employing an enzyme, rennet (or rennet substitutes) to coagulate the milk to "curds
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