Information about Broadcast Engineering
Broadcast engineering is the field of electrical engineering, and now to some extent computer engineering, which deals with radio and television broadcasting. Audio engineering and RF engineering are also essential parts of broadcast engineering, being their own subsets of electrical engineering.
Broadcast engineering involves both the studio end and the transmitter end (the entire airchain), as well as remote broadcasts. Every station has a broadcast engineer, though one may now serve an entire station group in a city, or be a contract engineer who essentially freelances his services to several stations (often in small media markets) as needed [1].
Modern duties of a broadcast engineer include maintaining broadcast automation systems for the studio and automatic transmission systems for the transmitter plant. There are also important duties regarding radio towers, which must be maintained with proper lighting and painting. Occasionally a station's engineer must deal with complaints of RF interference, particularly after a station has made changes to its transmission facilities.
Digital audio and digital video have revolutionized broadcast engineering in many respects [2]. Broadcast studios and control rooms are now already digital in large part, using non-linear editing and digital signal processing for what used to take a great deal of time or money, if it was even possible at all. Mixing consoles for both audio and video are continuing to become more digital in the 2000s, as is the computer storage used to keep digital media libraries. Effects processing and TV graphics can now be done much more easily and professionally as well.
Other devices used in broadcast engineering are telephone hybrids, broadcast delays, and dead air alarms. See the glossary of broadcast engineering terms for further explanations.
Other companies specialize in both broadcast engineering and broadcast law, which are both essential when making an application to a national broadcasting authority. This is especially critical in North America, where stations bear the entire burden of proving that their proposed facilities will not cause interference and are the best use ot the radio spectrum. Such companies now have special software that can map projected radio propagation and terrain shielding, as well as lawyers that will defend the applications before the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), or the equivalent authorities in some other countries.
For public radio, the Association of Public Radio Engineers was created in late May 2006.
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In computer science, relocation is the process of replacing symbolic references or names of libraries with actual usable addresses in memory before running a program.
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Broadcast engineering involves both the studio end and the transmitter end (the entire airchain), as well as remote broadcasts. Every station has a broadcast engineer, though one may now serve an entire station group in a city, or be a contract engineer who essentially freelances his services to several stations (often in small media markets) as needed [1].
Modern duties of a broadcast engineer include maintaining broadcast automation systems for the studio and automatic transmission systems for the transmitter plant. There are also important duties regarding radio towers, which must be maintained with proper lighting and painting. Occasionally a station's engineer must deal with complaints of RF interference, particularly after a station has made changes to its transmission facilities.
Digital engineering
In addition to traditional duties, the conversion to digital broadcasting means new facilities at (and to) the transmitter site, including new radio antennas and entire site relocations, and often the sharing of towers and even antennas among different stations. Broadcast engineers must now be well-versed in digital television or digital radio, in addition to analog principles.Digital audio and digital video have revolutionized broadcast engineering in many respects [2]. Broadcast studios and control rooms are now already digital in large part, using non-linear editing and digital signal processing for what used to take a great deal of time or money, if it was even possible at all. Mixing consoles for both audio and video are continuing to become more digital in the 2000s, as is the computer storage used to keep digital media libraries. Effects processing and TV graphics can now be done much more easily and professionally as well.
Other devices used in broadcast engineering are telephone hybrids, broadcast delays, and dead air alarms. See the glossary of broadcast engineering terms for further explanations.
Engineering services
Broadcast stations often call upon outside engineering services for certain needs. For example, because structural engineering is generally not a direct part of broadcast engineering, tower companies usually design broadcast towers.Other companies specialize in both broadcast engineering and broadcast law, which are both essential when making an application to a national broadcasting authority. This is especially critical in North America, where stations bear the entire burden of proving that their proposed facilities will not cause interference and are the best use ot the radio spectrum. Such companies now have special software that can map projected radio propagation and terrain shielding, as well as lawyers that will defend the applications before the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), or the equivalent authorities in some other countries.
Organizations
In the United States, many broadcast engineers belong to the Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE). Some may also belong to the organizations of related fields, like the Audio Engineering Society or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).For public radio, the Association of Public Radio Engineers was created in late May 2006.
See Also
- Network Operations Center
- Master Control Room
- Central Apparatus Room
- Broadcast automation
- Video Server
- Serial Digital Interface
- Encoder
- Multiplexer
- Asynchronous serial communication
- Encryption
- Conditional access
- Scrambler
- Uplink
- Earth station
- Teleport
- Downlink
- Satellite Dish Farm
- Outside broadcasting
References
Electrical engineering (sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering) is an engineering field that deals with the study and/or application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.
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Computer engineering (also called Electronic and Computer engineering) is a discipline that combines elements of both electrical engineering and computer science.[1]
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Radio is the wireless transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space.
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Television (often abbreviated to TV, T.V., or more recently, tv; sometimes called telly, the tube, boob tube, or idiot box in British English) is a widely used telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures
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Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults.
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Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of sound through mechanical and electronic means. The field draws on many disciplines, including electrical engineering, acoustics, psychoacoustics, and music.
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RF Engineering, also known as Radio Frequency Engineering is a field, in particular within electronics, that deals with devices which are design to operate in the Radio Frequency spectrum. These devices operate within the range of about 3 Hz up to 300 GHz.
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subset of a set B if A is "contained" inside B. Notice that A and B may coincide. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion or containment.
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studio is an artist's workroom, or an artist and his or her employees who work within that studio. This can be for the purpose of painting, pottery (ceramics), sculpture, photography,graphic design, cinematography, animation, radio or television broadcasting or the making of music.
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transmitter (sometimes abbreviated XMTR) is an electronic device which with the aid of an antenna propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications.
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In broadcast engineering for radio, the airchain (sometimes air chain (US) or just chain (UK)) is the path or route an audio or video signal takes on its way through a radio station or television station.
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In broadcast engineering, a remote broadcast (usually just called a remote or a live remote) is broadcasting done from a location away from the regular studio.
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Contract Law
Part of the common law series
Contract
Contract formation
Offer and acceptance · Mailbox rule
Mirror image rule · Invitation to treat
Firm offer · Consideration
Defenses against formation
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Part of the common law series
Contract
Contract formation
Offer and acceptance · Mailbox rule
Mirror image rule · Invitation to treat
Firm offer · Consideration
Defenses against formation
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freelancer or freelance worker is a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer. The term "freelance" was first coined by Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832) in his well-known historical romance Ivanhoe
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A media market, broadcast market, media region, designated market area, DMA or simply market is a region where the population can receive the same (or similar) television and radio station offerings, and may also include other types of media
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In broadcast engineering, broadcast automation is the use of technology to automate broadcasting operations. Used either at a station or a network, it is used to run a facility in the absence of a human operator.
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An automatic transmission system (or occasionally automated transmission system, to avoid confusion with the automatic transmission of an automobile) is an automated system designed to keep a radio transmitter and antenna system running without direct human oversight or
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A physical plant or mechanical plant refers to the necessary infrastructure used in support of a given facility. The operation of these facilities, or the department of an organization which does so, is called plant operations.
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Radio masts and towers are, typically, tall structures designed to support antennas (also known as aerials in the UK) for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. They are among the tallest man-made structures.
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Preventive maintenance (PM) has the following meanings:
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- The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures
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Not to be confused with lightning.
Lighting includes both artificial light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from daylight...... Click the link for more information.
Painting, meant literally, is the practice of applying color to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer or concrete. However, when used in an artistic sense, the term "painting" means the use of this activity in combination with drawing, composition and
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In general use, a complaint is an expression of displeasure, such as poor service at a store, or from a local government, etc. Under common law, a complaint is a formal legal document that sets out the basic facts and legal reasons (see: cause of action) that the filing party (the
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Electromagnetic interference (or EMI, also called radio frequency interference or RFI) is a (usually unwanted input/output ripple) disturbance caused in a radio receiver or other electrical circuit by electromagnetic radiation emitted from an external source.
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A digital system is one that uses discrete values (often electrical voltages), representing numbers or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous range of values (ie, as in an analog system).
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antenna is a transducer designed to transmit or receive radio waves which are a class of electromagnetic waves. In other words, antennas convert radio frequency electrical currents into electromagnetic waves and vice versa.
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For other uses, see moving.
In computer science, relocation is the process of replacing symbolic references or names of libraries with actual usable addresses in memory before running a program.
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Sharing is the joint use of a resource. In its narrow sense, it refers to joint or alternating use of an inherently finite good, such as a common pasture or a timeshared residence.
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Digital television (DTV) is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound by means of digital signals, in contrast to analog signals used by analog (traditional) TV.
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Digital radio describes radio technologies which carry information as a digital signal. The topic covers both broadcasting by radio and two-way communications. The acronym DAB has been used to identify the generic technology of digital audio broadcasting, although now it has become
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