Information about Branchial Arch
| Branchial arch | ||
|---|---|---|
) | ||
| Schematic of developing fetus with first, second and third arches labeled. | ||
| Floor of pharynx of human embryo about twenty-six days old. | ||
| subject #13 65 | ||
| Carnegie stage | 10 | |
| MeSH | Branchial+Arches | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | a_57/12149648 | |
Development
These grow and join in the ventral midline. The first arch, as the first to form, separates the mouth pit or stomodeum from the pericardium. By differential growth the neck elongates and new arches form, so the pharynx has six arches ultimately.Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous bar, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilagenous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by Mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a "staggered" development.
Relations
Pharyngeal or branchial pouches form on the endodermal side between the arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form from the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. [1]The pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills in fish.
In mammals the endoderm and ectoderm not only remain intact, but continue to be separated by a mesoderm layer.
Specific arches
There are six pharyngeal arches, but in humans the fifth arch only exists transiently during embryologic growth and development. Since no human structures result from the fifth arch, the arches in humans are I, II, III, IV, and VI. [2]More is known about the fate of the first arch than the remaining four. The first three contribute to structures above the larynx, while the last two contribute to the larynx and trachea.
| Pharyngeal arch | Muscular contributions[3] | Skeletal contributions | Nerve | Artery |
| 1st (also called "mandibular arch") | muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini | maxilla, mandible (only as a model for mandible not actual formation of mandible), the incus and malleus of the middle ear, also Meckel's cartilage | Trigeminal nerve (V2 and V3) | Maxillary artery |
| 2nd (also called the "hyoid arch") | Muscles of facial expression, buccinator, platysma, stapedius, stylohyoid, digastric posterior belly | Stapes, styloid process, hyoid (lesser horn and upper Part of Body), Reichert's cartilage | Facial nerve (VII) | - |
| 3rd | Stylopharyngeus | Hyoid (greater horn and lower Part of Body) | Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) | Common carotid/Internal carotid |
| 4th and 6th | intrinsic muscles of larynx, pharynx; levator palati | thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages | Vagus nerve (X) | Pulmonary artery |
Use in staging
The development of the pharyngeal arches provide a useful morphological landmark with which to establish the precise stage of embryonic development. Their formation and development corresponds to Carnegie stages 10 to 16 in mammals, and Hamburger-Hamilton stages 14 to 28 in the chicken.See also
)
Pattern of the branchial arches. I-IV branchial arches, 1-4 branchial pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside)
a Tuberculum laterale
b Tuberculum impar
c Foramen cecum
d Ductus thyreoglossus
e Sinus cervicalis
a Tuberculum laterale
b Tuberculum impar
c Foramen cecum
d Ductus thyreoglossus
e Sinus cervicalis
References
1. ^ Lecture 24. Branchial Apparatus. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
2. ^ Text for Pharyngeal Arch Development. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
3. ^ marshall.edu. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
2. ^ Text for Pharyngeal Arch Development. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
3. ^ marshall.edu. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
External links
- Graham A, Okabe M, Quinlan R (2005). "The role of the endoderm in the development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches". J. Anat. 207 (5): 479-87. PMID 16313389.
In embryology, Carnegie stages are a standardized system of 23 stages used to provide a unified developmental chronology of the vertebrate embryo.
The stages are delineated through the development of structures, not by size or the number of days of development, and so the
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The stages are delineated through the development of structures, not by size or the number of days of development, and so the
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo is formed and develops. It starts with the fertilization of the ovum, egg, which, after fertilization, is then called a zygote.
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Vertebrata
Cuvier, 1812
Classes and Clades
See below
Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns.
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Cuvier, 1812
Classes and Clades
See below
Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata (within the phylum Chordata), specifically, those chordates with backbones or spinal columns.
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In utero can refer to:
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- in utero, a Latin term literally meaning "in the uterus". It is used in biology to describe the state of an embryo or fetus.
- In Utero, the album by Nirvana
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relative directions are , , , , , and .
No absolute direction corresponds to any of the relative directions. This is a consequence of the translational invariance of the laws of physics: nature, loosely speaking, behaves the same no matter what direction one moves.
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No absolute direction corresponds to any of the relative directions. This is a consequence of the translational invariance of the laws of physics: nature, loosely speaking, behaves the same no matter what direction one moves.
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The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea.
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The first branchial arch, also called the first pharyngeal arch and mandibular arch, is the first of six branchial arches that develops in fetal life. It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove.
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The mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the fore-gut.
By the growth of the head end of the embryo, and the formation of the cephalic flexure, the pericardial area and the buccopharyngeal membrane come to lie on
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By the growth of the head end of the embryo, and the formation of the cephalic flexure, the pericardial area and the buccopharyngeal membrane come to lie on
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The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
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Layers
There are two layers to this sac: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium...... Click the link for more information.
Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of collagen fibers and/or elastin fibers, and can supply smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Although thirteen cranial nerves in humans fit this description, twelve are conventionally recognized.
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In the development of vertebrate animals, Pharyngeal or branchial pouches form on the endodermal side between the branchial arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form from the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches.
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The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk.
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Anatomy of the human neck
Bony anatomy: The cervical spine
The cervical portion of the human spine..... Click the link for more information.
A gill is a respiration organ that functions for the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. Unlike many small aquatic animals, which can absorb oxygen through the entire surface of their bodies, more complex aquatic organisms have gills specially
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Endoderm is one of the germ layers formed during animal embryogenesis. Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.
The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar.
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The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar.
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The ectoderm is the start of a tissue that covers the body surfaces. It emerges first and forms from the outermost of the germ layers.
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What forms from it (general)?
- Nervous system
- Outer part of integument
What forms from it (vertebrates)?
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The germ layer mesoderm forms in the embryos of animals more complex than cnidarians, making them triploblastic. Mesoderm forms during gastrulation when some of the cells migrating inward to form the endoderm form an additional layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm.
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The larynx (plural larynges), colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production.
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trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that has an inner diameter of about 20-25 mm and a length of about 10-16cm. It extends from the larynx to the primary (main) bronchi in mammals, and from the pharynx to the syrinx in birds, allowing the passage of air to the lungs.
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The first branchial arch, also called the first pharyngeal arch and mandibular arch, is the first of six branchial arches that develops in fetal life. It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove.
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The digastric muscle (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw.
It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.
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It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group.
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Mylohyoid can refer to:
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- Mylohyoid muscle
- Mylohyoid line
- Mylohyoid nerve
- Mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery
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The tensor tympani, the larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube, from which it is separated by the septum canalis musculotubarii.
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The tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate.
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Structure
The tensor veli palatini it is found lateral to the levator veli palatini muscle...... Click the link for more information.
The maxilla (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible, which is also a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis.
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mandible (from Latin mandibūla, "jawbone") or inferior maxillary bone is, together with the maxilla, the largest and strongest bone of the face . It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.
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- For the record label, see Incus Records.
The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna.
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