Information about Book Music
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A book playing a large Gavioli fairground organ.
Book Music is a medium for storing the music played on European mechanical organs. Similar to piano rolls, but book music is made from thick cardboard, containing perforated holes representing the musical notes to be played. The book is a folded zig-zag style. Music rolls were never popular in Europe, except for some German instruments, and book music was the most commonly used medium for large instruments. Book music was used as early as 1863 by Henri Fourneaux in his Pianista. [1]
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Music mechanism of "Australia Fair" street organ.
One of the advantages of book music is, that it can be mechanically interpreted, by having so-called "keys" (levers on springs with an upside down "V"-shaped hook at the end) run underneath the book, which will mechanically open valves, whenever a hole in the book passes by. Paper rolls on the other hand are "key-less" and can only be read by pneumatic pressure or suction. Some mechanical organs, particularly those of German manufacture by firms such as Gbr Bruder and Ruth play keyless cardboard book music, operating pneumatically.
The disadvantage of book music is the size and weight to store music.
The advantage of book music is that it is sturdy and not subject to expansion and contraction with humidity. This allows for large books to be manufactured, allowing musically versatile capabilities.
See also
- Punched card - Book music was originally developed by taping a stack of punched cards together.
- Punched tape
- Player piano
Paper data storage media |
|---|
Writing on Papyrus (c. 3000 BC) •
Modern Paper (105 AD)
Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1846) Book music (1863) Piano roll (1880s) Optical mark recognition (??) Optical character recognition (1929) Barcode (1948) Paper disc (2004) |
A Mechanical organ is an organ that is self playing, rather than played by a musician.
Usually, mechanical organs are pipe organs although some instruments were built using reeds similar to those found in a harmonium.
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Usually, mechanical organs are pipe organs although some instruments were built using reeds similar to those found in a harmonium.
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piano roll is the music storage medium used to operate the player piano, pianola or a reproducing piano.
The piano roll was the first medium which could be produced and copied industrially and made it possible to provide the customer fast and easy with actual music.
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The piano roll was the first medium which could be produced and copied industrially and made it possible to provide the customer fast and easy with actual music.
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A Music Roll is used to operate a Mechanical organ or Orchestrion and contains the music to be played. Originally made of paper, modern rolls are sometimes made of thin plastic or mylar.
The music is stored by means of perforations.
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The music is stored by means of perforations.
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player piano is a piano containing a pneumatic mechanism that plays on the piano action pre-programmed music via perforated paper rolls. The true player piano was designed to be a fully interactive musical experience rather than merely an automatic instrument and hence they are
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Humidity is the amount of water vapor in a sample of air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at any specific temperature. Absolute humidity, relative humidity and specific humidity are different ways to express the water content in a parcel of air.
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punch card or punched card (or punchcard or Hollerith card or IBM card), is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.
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Punched tape or paper tape is a largely obsolete form of data storage, consisting of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched to store data. It was widely used during much of the twentieth century for teleprinter communication, and later as a storage medium for
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player piano is a piano containing a pneumatic mechanism that plays on the piano action pre-programmed music via perforated paper rolls. The true player piano was designed to be a fully interactive musical experience rather than merely an automatic instrument and hence they are
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Data storage can refer to:
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- Computer data storage; memory, components, devices and media that retain digital computer data used for computing for some interval of time.
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Writing, is the representation of language in a textual medium; that is with the use of signs or symbols. It is distinguished from illustration such as cave drawings and paintings, and recording language via a non-textual medium such as magnetic tape audio.
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Papyrus is an early form of thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt.
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Paper is thin material used for writing upon, printing upon or packaging, produced by the amalgamation of fibres, typically vegetable fibers composed of cellulose, which are subsequently held together by hydrogen bonding.
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punch card or punched card (or punchcard or Hollerith card or IBM card), is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.
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Punched tape or paper tape is a largely obsolete form of data storage, consisting of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched to store data. It was widely used during much of the twentieth century for teleprinter communication, and later as a storage medium for
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piano roll is the music storage medium used to operate the player piano, pianola or a reproducing piano.
The piano roll was the first medium which could be produced and copied industrially and made it possible to provide the customer fast and easy with actual music.
..... Click the link for more information.
The piano roll was the first medium which could be produced and copied industrially and made it possible to provide the customer fast and easy with actual music.
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Optical mark recognition is the process of capturing data by contrasting reflectivity at predetermined positions on a page. By shining a beam of light onto the document the scanner is able to detect a marked area because it reflects less light than an unmarked surface.
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Optical character recognition, usually abbreviated to OCR, is the mechanical or electronic translation of images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into
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barcode (also bar code) is a machine-readable representation of information (usually dark ink on a light background to create high and low reflectance which is converted to 1s and 0s).
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The paper disc is one of the formats chosen to succeed the DVD. Developed by Sony and Toppan Printing, the disc can be read by Sony's new Blu-ray Disc (BD) format and offers up to 25 GB of storage. It was officially announced on April 15, 2004.
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